Re: [新聞] 先叫先降？網友質疑長榮航班呼叫Mayday
我國雖然不是 ICAO 正式成員, 但運作應該和 ICAO 規範相去不遠,
所以理論上參考其他飛安單位針對國際民航組織 ICAO Annex 6 有關燃料管理
和 ATC 溝通訊息用詞的規範, 應該有其價值.
參考資料: 歐洲航空安全局(EASA) 適航指令 2013-12
Source:
1. http://ad.easa.europa.eu/ad/2013-12
2. http://ad.easa.europa.eu/blob/SIB_201312_
InFlight_Fuel_Management__Phraseology_to_ATC.pdf/SIB_2013-12_1
短網址: http://tinyurl.com/nht5f5j
2013-12 : In-Flight Fuel Management –
Phraseology for Fuel Related Messages to Air Traffic Control (ATC)
2013-12: 飛航燃料管理 - 對 ATC 使用的燃料相關訊息之用詞
Description: Through state letter 10/2012, ICAO announced the adopted
amendment 36 to Annex 6 Part I effective as of 15 November
2012. This amendment introduced, among others, new
standards for in-flight fuel management and a new fuel related
phraseology.
根據 state latter 10/2012, ICAO 公告 Annex 6 Part I 修正案 36
從 2012 年 11 月 15 日正式生效. 本修正案導入
飛航中燃料管理和燃料相關用語的新標準
The relevant standards are the following:
相關標準如下:
4.3.7 In-flight fuel management
飛航燃料管理
4.3.7.1 An operator shall establish policies and
procedures, approved by the State of the Operator, to
ensure that in-flight fuel checks and fuel management are
performed.
操作員應該要建立由所屬國核准的相關政策和程序,
以確保飛航中的燃料檢查和燃料管理有確實執行.
4.3.7.2 The pilot-in-command shall continually ensure that
the amount of usable fuel remaining on board is not less
than the fuel required to proceed to an aerodrome where a
safe landing can be made with the planned final reserve
fuel remaining upon landing.
機長(PIC)需持續確保機上可用油量, 不低於可安全降落機場,
且落地後仍保有計畫中的最終保留油量.
4.3.7.2.1 The pilot-in-command shall request delay
information from ATC when unanticipated circumstances
may result in landing at the destination aerodrome with
less than the final reserve fuel plus any fuel required to
proceed to an alternate aerodrome or the fuel required to
operate to an isolated aerodrome.
當不可預料之情況, 導致降落在目的地機場時, 油量會低於
1) 計畫最終保留油量, 加上
2) 飛往備降場 或 航向另一機場(註) 之油量
之總和時, 機長應由 ATC 取得延遲資訊.
(註: isolated aerodrome)
4.3.7.2.2 The pilot-in-command shall advise ATC of a
minimum fuel state by declaring MINIMUM FUEL when,
having committed to land at a specific aerodrome, the pilot
calculates that any change to the existing clearance to that
aerodrome may result in landing with less than planned
final reserve fuel.
當最低油量狀態成立時, 機長應對 ATC 宣告 MINIMUM FUEL.
最低油量條件為, 當已經決定降落在某特定機場時,
若目前所得之降落許可發生任何變化, 導致降落時油量低於計畫最終保留油量.
Note 1.— The declaration of MINIMUM FUEL informs ATC
that all planned aerodrome options have been reduced to
a specific aerodrome of intended landing and any change
to the existing clearance may result in landing with less
than planned final reserve fuel. This is not an emergency
situation but an indication that an emergency situation is
possible should any additional delay occur.
宣告 MINIMUM FUEL 告知 ATC 所有的計畫降落機場選項,
會縮減至單一特定機場, 且對既有降落許可的任何改變,
都將導致降落時的油量低於計畫最終保留油量.
這並不是一個緊急狀態, 但預告了當有任何延遲發生, 就可能發生緊急狀態.
Note 2.— Guidance on declaring minimum fuel is
contained in the Fuel Planning Manual (Doc 9976). It
should be noted that Pilots should not expect any form of
priority handling as a result of a “MINIMUM FUEL”
declaration. ATC will, however, advise the flight crew of
any additional expected delays as well as coordinate when
transferring control of the aeroplane to ensure other ATC
units are aware of the flight’s fuel state.
在燃油計畫手冊(Doc 9976)中有針對最低油量的指導.
飛行員應注意宣告 MINIMUM FUEL, 並不代表一定會得到優先處理.
ATC 將會告知飛航組員有關於任何可能發生的延遲, 並協調當控制權轉至
機場時, 其他 ATC 單位也會注意到該航班的油量狀態.
4.3.7.2.3 The pilot-in-command shall declare a situation of
fuel emergency by broadcasting MAYDAY, MAYDAY,
MAYDAY, FUEL, when the calculated usable fuel
predicted to be available upon landing at the nearest
aerodrome where a safe landing can be made is less than
the planned final reserve fuel.
當降落在可安全降落的最近機場時, 計算出的預期可用油量
會低於計畫最低保留油量時, 機長應透過廣播 MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, FUEL
宣告燃油緊急狀態
Note 1.— The planned final reserve fuel refers to the value
calculated in 4.3.6.3 e) 1) or 2) and is the minimum amount
of fuel required upon landing at any aerodrome.
計畫最低保留油量請參考 4.3.6.3 e 1) 或 2) 定義.
且為降落在任何機場的最低所需油量.
Note 2.— The words “MAYDAY FUEL” describe the nature
of the distress conditions as required in Annex 10, Volume
II, 5.3.2.1, b) 3.
"MAYDAY FUEL" 陳述了由 Annex 10, Volume II 5.3.2.1 b)3 定義的危急狀態.
Note 3.— Guidance on procedures for in-flight fuel
management are contained in the Fuel Planning Manual
(Doc 9976).
在燃油計畫手冊(Doc 9976)包含了針對飛航燃油管理的指導.
/* end of reference */
一般 final reserve fuel 應該是 30min 的油量.
以 MAYDAY FUEL 的發生條件來看, 除非電腦計算有問題,
否則根本不會有在降落後, MAYDAY 條件解除的可能.
因為 MAYDAY FUEL 就已經闡明
"當降落最近機場後, 預期所剩油量將低於 30min 油量"
--
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