Re: [文法] 與事實相反

看板Eng-Class作者l10nel (小失)時間13年前 (2013/01/10 17:51)推噓4(4推 0噓 29→)

留言33則, 6人參與討論串5/8 (看更多)

※ 引述《l10nel (小失)》之銘言： : 說到 conditionals，文獻一堆，良莠不齊，介紹一本寫得極為嚴謹（比如，不用 : counterfactual 稱呼未發生的事或 were to 句子，也沒有憑空捏造的 will/would = : present/future 區別），又基於語料事實試圖加以歸納整理的書： : Conditionals: A Comprehensive Empirical Analysis : By Renaat Declerck, Susan Reed : http://tinyurl.com/acq2ztz : 此書第 215-219 頁專門說明 were to （表可能性小）的主要用法。 : 除了大量的實例顯示使用正規的 would 外，此書的確指出了 were to 搭配現在式助動 ? : will, can 等字，不無可能，但是所舉的這些少數例子，句子內容有其特殊設定、語義 : ，作者並對說話者為何用 will 提出可信的合理化論據。這些特例的情境，遠在 : If he were to steal that, he would be a thief. 這種「正常」句之外。有的這類例 : ，作者將之改回為含有 would 的句子，原意不變。 : 這本書以務實、講理的方式處理 would/will，視前者為正常情況，後者為罕見特例（需 : 符合特定的合適情境），真確反應了語言現實。 → zofloya:可以請l大波出用will的特殊設定、語義的例句或段落嗎，謝~ 01/09 23:24 可能需要花點時間了解一些術語（建議：上 Amazon 看書後的 glossary），請慢用。有問題可以一起討論。 Conditionals: A Comprehensive Empirical Analysis By Renaat Declerck, Susan Reed (page 174) 5.6 8. Tentative P-clauses combining with a factual Q-clause In direct speech, a tentative P-clause may sometimes combine with a factual Q-clause referring to the present: (319) a. [Wherever you are. you can rely on American express. The Card is widely accepted worldwide, offering you convenient spending power and reassuring security.] If it were ever lost or stolen, your Card can usually be replaced within 24 hours——[the invaluable peace of mind you need when you're travelling.] (COB-W) (tentative P + factual Q) (page 175) b. They can’t go back to Nigeria even if they wanted to, (because everyone back there knows what they’ve been doing here.] (The Bulletin) (factual Q + tentative P) c. He also has an ‘escape’ clause in his contract with Middlesbrough, if he were to be offered the post of England coach. (COB-W) d. If I were to hazard a guess I think it’s very likely he will be the country’s next president. (COB-W) There seem to be a variety of reasons for combining a tentative P-clause with a factual Q-clause, and sometimes there is a choice about whether or not to use a factual Q-clause, whereas sometimes, as in (319c), there is not. It would be possible to rewrite (319a) as follows: (i) If it is ever lost or stolen, your Card can usually be replaced within 24 hours. (ii) If it were ever lost or stolen, we would usually be able to replace your Card within 24 hours. However, while the company does not want to give a negative message that it is quite possible that the card will be lost or stolen, with the result that that possibility is treated as remote, the company wants to be as positive as possible about their ability to replace a card quickly, so this ability is treated as factual rather than as part of the tentative intensional world set up by P. Similarly, (319b) could be rewritten 'They couldn't go back to Nigeria even if they wanted to', but this would place the inability to return in a nonfactual world, which, although it does not rule out the same inability applying in the factual world, weakens the speaker’s message about the real plight of the people referred to. Sentence (319c) cannot be similarly rewritten, but this is due to the fact that it is a ‘pseudo-Q conditional’, i.e. the real Q-clause is missing. The apparent Q cannot be seen as referring to a situation which can be located in the P-world. Sentence (319d), however, can be rewritten 'If I were to hazard a guess, I would think it’s very likely that he would be the country‘s next president'. -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 76.198.133.1

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