Fw: [新聞] 美國的南海外交策略貌似已經失敗消失

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※ [本文轉錄自 Gossiping 看板 #1Nd_WQeg ] 作者: czqs2000 (青山) 看板: Gossiping 標題: [新聞] 美國的南海外交策略貌似已經失敗時間: Tue Aug 2 09:32:07 2016 1.媒體來源: 路透社 2.完整新聞標題: U.S. diplomatic strategy on South China Sea appears to founder 美國的南海外交策略貌似已經失敗 3.完整新聞內文: In the lead-up to an international court ruling on China's claims in the Sou th China Sea this month, United States officials talked about rallying a coa lition to impose "terrible" costs to Beijing's international reputation if f louted the court's decision. 在國際法庭仲裁中國南海主張之前，美國官員這個月談到，如果中國藐視國際法庭的決定，美國將召集聯盟對中國施加壓力，讓其付出國際形象受損的代價。 But just two weeks after the July 12 announcement by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague - which at least on paper, appeared to be a humilia ting defeat for China - the U.S. strategy appears to be unraveling and the c ourt's ruling is in danger of becoming irrelevant. 但是就在2周后，7月12日，海牙國際常設仲裁法庭宣布結果-至少在理論上中國遭到了恥辱的失敗-美國的戰略好像明確了，法庭的裁決處在不痛不癢的境地。 Earlier this year, U.S. officials spoke repeatedly of the need for countries in the Asia-Pacific region and elsewhere, including the European Union, to make it clear that the decision of the court should be binding. 早些時候，美國官員反復談到，亞太地區的國家和任何其他國家包括歐盟有必要澄清法庭的決定的約束力。 "We need to be ready to be very loud and vocal, in harmony together ... to s ay that this is international law, this is incredibly important, it is bindi ng on all parties," Amy Searight, the then-U.S. deputy assistant secretary o f defense for South and Southeast Asia, said in February. “我們需要準備非常大聲和直言不諱得……說：國際法非常重要，并且在任何地方都有約束力。”時任美國國防部東亞和東南亞事務助理部長Amy Searight在二月份說。 Then in April, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Antony Blinken said China risk ed "terrible" damage to its reputation if it ignored The Hague's ruling. 四月份美國副國務卿Antony Blxen說中國如果忽略海牙的仲裁，就將會冒著其國際聲譽受損的危險。 The top lawyer from the Philippines, which brought the case against China, e ven said Beijing risked "outlaw" status. 接手針對中國訴訟案的菲律賓高級律師，說北京冒著“非法”的風險。 The United States had backed Manila's case on the grounds that China's claim s to 85 percent of the South China Sea, one of the world's busiest trade rou tes, were a threat to freedom of navigation and international law. 美國支持馬尼拉的立場，中國聲稱世界最繁忙的航道之一，南中國海的85%屬于中國，這威脅了海上航行自由和國際法。 Yet after the international court rejected Beijing's position, the U.S. call s for a united front appear to have made little headway, with only six count ries joining Washington in insisting that the decision should be binding. 盡管在國際仲裁庭拒絕了北京的立場之后，由美國帶頭形成了聯合陣線。但似乎他們少有進展，只有6個國家加入華盛頓方面，堅持要中國服從仲裁結果。 They include the Philippines, but not several other countries with their own claims to parts of the South China Sea that might benefit if Beijing observ ed the decision. 其中包括了菲律賓，但沒有包括其他在南海上也聲稱主權的國家。如果北京方面服從仲裁結果，那些國家可能也將從中獲利。 China also scored a major diplomatic victory earlier this week, when the Ass ociation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) dropped any reference to the rul ing from a joint statement at the end of a meeting of the 10-country group's foreign minister in Laos. This followed objections from Cambodia, Beijing's closest ASEAN ally. 這周初，中國也取得了一個外交上的重要勝利。在老撾，10國集團的外長在會議結束時做出聯合聲明：東盟放棄對仲裁結果做出任何評論。而在此之前北京在東盟最親密的盟友柬埔寨提出了反對意見。 On July 15, the European Union, distracted after Britain's vote to leave the bloc, issued a statement taking note of the ruling, but avoiding direct ref erence to Beijing or any assertion that the decision was binding. 在7月15日，歐盟從英國脫歐中抽身，發表聲明稱他們會關注仲裁結果，但不會對北京方面，或是任何堅持仲裁結果的約束力的方面做出直接評價。 RULING RISKS IRRELEVANCE On Wednesday, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry expressed satisfaction that ASEAN had issued a communique that championed the rule of law and said the omission of any reference to the arbitration case did not detract from its i mportance. 上星期三，美國國務卿John Kerry表示滿意，東盟已經發表公報，倡導遵守規則，說對仲裁案件的忽略并沒有貶低其重要性。 He also said it was "impossible" for the ruling to become irrelevant because it is legally binding. 他表示規則“不可能”變得無關緊要，因為它具有法律約束力。 But analysts said it now risks exactly that, not least because Washington ha s failed to press the issue effectively with its friends and allies. 但分析人士說，現在的風險正是如此，尤其是因為華盛頓沒有有效地將問題與他的朋友和盟友公開討論。 "We should all be worried that this case is going to go down as nothing more than a footnote because its impact was only as strong as the international community was going to make it," said Greg Poling, a South China Sea expert at Washington's Center for Strategic and International Studies think-tank. “我們應該擔心仲裁案的關注度下降到淪為一個無關緊要的境地，因為（對中國的）沖擊只有在國際社會強有力關注下才能產生。”華盛頓戰略和國際研究中心的南海專家智囊團的Greg Poling說。 "And the international community has voted by not saying anything. The conse nsus seems to be 'We don’t care. We don’t want to hold China to these stan dards.'" “國際社會選擇對此不不發聲，共識似乎是'我們不關心，我們不想敦促中國遵守這些標準。'” Dean Cheng, an expert on China with the Heritage Foundation think-tank, said Washington appeared reluctant to push a tougher line with Beijing - a vital economic partner as well as a strategic rival - with only a few months to g o in President Barack Obama's tenure and a presidential election in November . 中美傳統基金智庫的專家Dean Cheng表示，華盛頓似乎不愿意在奧巴馬還剩下幾個月的任期，并且11月份將要進行總統大選的這個時期——對北京——-這個重要的經濟合作伙伴采取強硬的立場。 "What we have is China pushing very hard into the South China Sea, physicall y, politically, illegally and diplomatically, and the United States refraini ng from doing very much at all," said Cheng. “我們得到的結果是中國十分努力得在軍事和政治上非法并且有外交技巧的進入南中國海。”Dean說。 One reason for the administration's relative passivity may be its desire to prevent any major escalation of the dispute after the ruling, including furt her land reclamation by China or the declaration of a new air defense identi fication zone. 政府相對被動的一個原因是或許他們想在仲裁后阻止南海問題進一步擴大，包括中國更進一步的填島或者宣布新的防空識別區。 China has so far responded only with sharpened rhetoric, but analysts and of ficials worry that Beijing might take bolder action after it hosts the Group of 20 meeting of the world's biggest economies in September. 中國目前的反應只有尖銳的言辭，但分析師和官員擔心，北京可能會在九月舉辦的G20— —這個世界最大的經濟體峰會上采取更加大膽的行動。 (Reporting by David Brunnstrom and Matt Spetalnick in Washington and Ben Bla nchard in Beijing; editing by G Crosse) 4.完整新聞連結 (或短網址): http://tinyurl.com/j2ag9l6 5.備註: 美國：啊呀仲裁案過去就過去了，我們還得忙大選，還得和中國做生意，沒空管這攤子事了，菲菲你自求多福吧！ -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 45.63.121.252 ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1470101530.A.A2A.html

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