[新聞] 美司法部希望緊急情況下暫停某些憲法權利
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1.媒體來源:
RolingStone
2.記者署名
PETER WADE
3.完整新聞標題:
美國司法部希望在病毒緊急情況下暫停某些憲法權利
DOJ Wants to Suspend Certain Constitutional Rights During
Coronavirus Emergency
4.完整新聞內文:
The Department of Justice has secretly asked Congress for the ability to detain
arrested people “indefinitely” in addition to other powers that one expert
called “terrifying”
司法部秘密地要求國會，除一名專家稱為"恐怖"的其他權力外，還可以"無限期"拘留
被捕者。
The Trump Department of Justice has asked Congress to craft legislation
allowing chief judges to indefinitely hold people without trial and suspend
other constitutionally-protected rights during coronavirus and other
emergencies, according to a report by Politico’s Betsy Woodruff Swan.
根據美國政治部的Betsy Woodruff Swan的一份報告，川普司法部已要求國會制定立法，
允許首席法官在冠狀病毒和其他緊急情況下無限期拘留未經審判的人，並中止其他受
憲法保護的權利。
While the asks from the Department of Justice will likely not come to fruition
with a Democratically-controlled House of Representatives, they demonstrate how
much this White House has a frightening disregard for rights enumerated in the
Constitution.
儘管司法部的要求可能不會與民主控制的眾議院一起實現，但它們表明白宮對憲法所列舉
的權利無視了多少。
The DOJ has requested Congress allow any chief judge of a district court to
pause court proceedings “whenever the district court is fully or partially
closed by virtue of any natural disaster, civil disobedience, or other
emergency situation,” according to draft language obtained by Politico. This
would be applicable to “any statutes or rules of procedure otherwise affecting
pre-arrest, post-arrest, pre-trial, trial, and post-trial procedures in
criminal and juvenile proceedings and all civil processes and proceedings.”
They justify this by saying currently judges can pause judicial proceedings in
an emergency but that new legislation would allow them to apply it “in a
consistent manner.”
美國司法部已根據Politico獲得的草案，要求國會"在任何地方法院由於任何自然災害，
公民抗命或其他緊急情況而完全或部分關閉時"，暫停地方法院的任何首席法官的訴訟程
序。這將適用於“以其他方式影響刑事和少年程序以及所有民事程序和程序中的逮捕前，
逮捕後，審判前，審判和審判後程序的任何法規或議事規則。"他們通過說當前的法官可
以在緊急情況下暫停司法程序來證明這一點是正確的，但是新的法律將允許他們"以一致
的方式"適用它。
But the Constitution grants citizens habeas corpus which gives arrestees the
right to appear in front of a judge and ask to be released before trial.
Enacting legislation like the DOJ wants would essentially suspend habeas corpus
indefinitely until the emergency ended. Further, DOJ asked Congress to suspend
the statute of limitations on criminal investigations and civil proceedings
during the emergency until a year after it ended.
但是憲法賦予公民人身保護權，使被捕者有權出庭並要求在審判前被釋放。像美國司法部
所希望的那樣，頒布立法將無限期暫停人身保護令，直到緊急情況結束。此外，司法部要
求國會在緊急情況期間中止對刑事調查和民事訴訟程序的時效規定，直至其結束一年。
Norman L. Reimer, executive director of the National Association of Criminal
Defense Lawyers, told Politico the measure was “terrifying,” saying, “Not
only would it be a violation of [habeas corpus], but it says ‘affecting pre-
arrest.’ So that means you could be arrested and never brought before a judge
until they decide that the emergency or the civil disobedience is over. I find
it absolutely terrifying. Especially in a time of emergency, we should be very
careful about granting new powers to the government.”
全國刑事辯護律師協會執行董事諾曼·雷默（Norman L. Reimer）告訴Politico，這項措
施“令人恐懼”，他說：“這不僅違反了（人身保護令），而且還說，這影響了逮捕前。
因此，這意味著您可能會被捕，並且永遠不會被帶到法官面前，直到他們判定緊急情況或
公民抗命已經結束。我覺得這絕對可怕。特別是在緊急時刻，我們應該非常謹慎地授予
政府新權力。”
“That is something that should not happen in a democracy,” he added.
他補充說：「這在民主國家中是不應該發生的。」
DOJ also asked Congress to amend the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to
have defendants appear at a hearing via videoconference instead of in-person
with the defendant’s consent, although in a draft obtained by Politico, the
sections about requiring consent were crossed out. But it’s not just Americans
’ rights the DOJ wants to violate. They also asked Congress to pass a law
saying that immigrants who test positive for COVID-19 cannot qualify as asylum
seekers.
司法部還要求國會修改《聯邦刑事訴訟程序規則》，使被告通過電視會議而不是在被告同
意下親自出庭，儘管在Politico獲得的草案中，有關同意的部分已被劃掉。司法部想侵犯
的不僅僅是美國人的權利。他們還要求國會通過一項法律，說對COVID-19測試呈陽性的移
民不能作為尋求庇護者。
As coronavirus spreads through the country, activists are calling on
politicians in office to release prisoners and immigrants held in detention
centers, both of which can be a hotbed of virus activity with so many people in
close quarters and limited or non-existent supplies of soap, sanitizer, and
protective equipment. Some states have already begun to do so. But with this,
the Trump administration is taking steps to hold more people in prisons for an
undetermined amount of time — showing their priority is not saving lives but
giving themselves more power.
隨著冠狀病毒在全國蔓延，激進分子呼籲政治家釋放在拘留中心關押的囚犯和移民，這兩
個都是病毒活動的溫床，因為近距離居住的人如此之多，肥皂供應有限或根本不存在，消
毒劑和防護設備。一些州已經開始這樣做。但是與此相關的是，川普政府正在採取措施
將更多的人關押在監獄中，時間未定－顯示他們的優先權不是在挽救生命，而是在賦予
自己更大的權力。
5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址):
https://reurl.cc/rxg7Y4
6.備註:
以上半機翻，有興趣的人可點進去看原文
--
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※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1585111966.A.FAE.html
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臉書的美國朋友分享的...不用特別找...
我大部分文章沒什麼推文，你能篇篇都注意到也是不簡單
我對什麼有利中共立場揭露美國醜陋沒有興趣
我單純看到新聞跟資訊，發現版上沒有相關訊息就會分享
如果版上都是吹捧中國摒棄美國的資訊
我自然就會多發另一面的報導來平衡一下版面資訊
通常說中國多壞，說美國多好的文章版上已經滿滿都是，我自然就不會多此一舉
我在微博知乎上轉發的批評文章，都要讓我接近封號邊緣了呢
我只是略盡個人一點點空餘力量分享台灣比較容易忽略的國際真實報導與資訊而已
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※ 編輯: artpoet (36.226.129.63 臺灣), 03/25/2020 13:40:53
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