[文法] 比較級的問題

看板Eng-Class作者 (桑妮)時間8年前 (2017/06/08 08:06), 8年前編輯推噓2(2推 0噓 30→)
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最近碰到一些關於比較級文法的困惑，手邊的書都暫時找不到詳解，希望版上高人指點。 一般文法書上關於比較級的文法句型做舉例時似乎比較多是前後兩句被形容詞或副詞修飾 的對象是同一種的狀況。 像是：He has as much money as I do. (which is the elliptical construction of "he has as much money as I have much money.") 或者 He is taller than I am. (which is the elliptical construction of "he is taller than I am tall.") 或者 He is a better leader than she is. (which is the elliptical construction of "he is a better leader than she is a good leader.") 但其實日常英文中常常會出現比較級前後形容詞或副詞修飾的對象不一的情況，這個似乎 沒怎麼看一般課本上提到過(雖然日常口語和文章常常會出現)。 像是：He has more money than sense. (which is the elliptical construction of "he has more money than he has sense." ) 或者 You were happier than I was sad. (there is no elliptical construction of this sentence.) 或者 You have more books than I have plates. (there is no elliptical construction of this sentence.) 或者 He killed twice as many people as I saved. (which is the elliptical construction of "he killed twice as many people as I saved people." 或者 You hate me more than I love you. (there is no elliptical construction of this sentence.) 或者 You are braver than I was scared. (there is no elliptical construction of this sentence.) 我的問題可以分成這兩個： 1.後面這類句子是真的符合一般文法上對於比較級的平行結構的要求嗎？我目前的直覺上 是有，像是You were happier than I was sad中的平行結構似乎可以是成立在比較兩人 情感強烈的程度上(即使一個難過一個快樂)。 2."We have more water than we have wine."或者"He has more cats than he has dogs."可以理解，但"He has more money than sense."這個句子雖然使用上大家都 接受，文法上卻好像沒什麼道理，因為比較級前後，一個是擁有的錢的量的多寡，一個卻 是擁有多少理智。如果後面這個句子文法上(不是使用上)是被接受的，那是否 "He has more money than guts." (有錢無膽)也是可行的？ -- 艾德華：我知道很多人都會覺得一個上百歲的吸血鬼愛上16歲的女孩有多荒唐。他們肯 定會想：一個有一世紀歷練的文藝青年會和愛看醜女貝蒂的女孩聊些什麼呢？ 刀鋒：上帝阿！打從預告片上映時我就覺得你們這對狗男女噁心死了！ 每晚我都做同一個惡夢，追著同一個小白臉，手中緊握著要捅進他胸口的木樁。 但每一個晚上......我總在釘死那個混蛋前就醒了！ By 刀鋒戰士 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 36.224.190.59 ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Eng-Class/M.1496880404.A.BE4.html ※ 編輯: sunny1991225 (36.224.190.59), 06/08/2017 08:57:04
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06/08 22:00, , 1F
1. Yes. 平行結構是文法詞性/句子裡頭的角色上的平行(比
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如 happier(adj, comp.) <-> sad(adj, comp.)
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2. 同前. money(noun, obj. of 'has')<->sense(noun,obj.
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of 'has'). 這樣子就是合文法。
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sense")是fixed expression，有的字典已經有收錄。
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你的句子(...guts)相較之下較不普遍，但還是有人在用。
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google可以找到英文母語的人(比如他們寫的書)有那樣子表
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達
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ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=parallelism
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3 ...
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只要求"syntactic constructions"，所以(比如)即使 money
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和 sense 「字面意思上」無從比起，但是在那句子裡頭兩者
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06/08 22:05, , 13F
謝謝dunchee，算是解了一個大困惑
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06/08 22:05, , 14F
的文法結構上的角色仍是一樣
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06/08 22:06, , 15F
我還經常看到有一類比較級的表達方式是這樣:
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He killed twice as many people as I saved.
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像這類比較級表達式，雖然動詞不一樣，但是因為
06/08 22:06, 17F
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因為前後的比較對象還是有平行，所以於文法上依然是
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06/08 22:07, , 19F
合法的平行結構對嗎?
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06/08 22:51, , 20F
這一句大概是你提出的所有句子裡面最 make sense 的。
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想提一點，在英文裡 grammatically correct 的句子並不
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一定是 daily vernacular 會用的句子。more money than
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sense 是因為用的人多才變成大家都習慣的句子；
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more money than guts 如果沒有上下文的話，人家會以為
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你在講火星文；google 這句，你會發現大多是在文章裡 p
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lay on words 的味道。
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He killed twice as many people as I saved. 大概是你
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提出裡面唯二不用上下文，不是 play on words, 一般會
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接受的句子。
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感謝naushtogo
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我也知道裡頭很多句子很怪異。只是就是因為句子很
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怪異才會引起這種不確定感
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