[文法] 詞典裡頭用逗號連接consisted與varied?
大家好，請問一下
1.在Longman Idioms Dictionary的SPIRIT條目中，看到這樣的例句：
Albert's diet consisted of microwave meals, varied by cooking in a disgusting
frying pan when the spirit moved him.
裡頭consisted和varied都是動詞，卻只用逗號連接，是否有誤呢？
如果是分詞，就變成：
Albert's diet consisted of microwave meals which were varied by cooking in a
disgusting frying pan when the spirit moved him.
那我想再問，類似的結構：
Depending on where you ate, small orders of fries could vary by 110 calories
and by 320 milligrams of sodium.
為何同樣是vary後面加by，前面那句用被動語態，後面那句則是主動語態呢？
想釐清這兩句話的by的意思。
謝謝！
2.不好意思，順便多問一句：
He's always turning up late with some fantastic excuse, expecting me to
swallow it whole!
這句話是否可以理解成這樣：
He's always turning up late with some fantastic excuse, (and is) expecting me
to swallow it whole!
謝謝！
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※ 編輯: scju (1.160.82.173), 04/21/2017 22:25:27
※ 編輯: scju (114.32.32.215), 04/22/2017 00:19:15
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