[新知] 對腦來說，大不一定好

看板Cognitive作者mulkcs (mulkcs)時間14年前 (2009/11/19 16:53)推噓3(3推 0噓 6→)

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Bigger Not Necessarily Better, When It Comes to Brains ScienceDaily (Nov. 18, 2009) — Tiny insects could be as intelligent as much bigger animals, despite only having a brain the size of a pinhead, say scientists at Queen Mary, University of London. 雖然某些動物大腦約針頭般大，但智慧可不比大型動物差。 "Animals with bigger brains are not necessarily more intelligent," according to Lars Chittka, Professor of Sensory and Behavioural Ecology at Queen Mary's Research Centre for Psychology and University of Cambridge colleague, Jeremy Niven. This begs the important question: what are they for? "腦大不一定是好得" Lars Chittka說。 Research repeatedly shows how insects are capable of some intelligent behaviours scientists previously thought was unique to larger animals. Honeybees, for example, can count, categorise similar objects like dogs or human faces, understand 'same' and 'different', and differentiate between shapes that are symmetrical and asymmetrical. 例如蜜蜂可以計算、分辨狗與人臉、瞭解"相同"與"差異"、分辨對稱與否。 "We know that body size is the single best way to predict an animal's brain size," explains Chittka, writing in the journal Current Biology. "However, contrary to popular belief, we can't say that brain size predicts their capacity for intelligent behaviour." "雖說身體大小可以預測腦的大小，但我們不能說腦的大小可以預測他們的智慧" Chittka 解釋說。 Differences in brain size between animals is extreme: a whale's brain can weigh up to 9 kg (with over 200 billion nerve cells), and human brains vary between 1.25 kg and 1.45 kg (with an estimated 85 billion nerve cells). A honeybee's brain weighs only 1 milligram and contains fewer than a million nerve cells. 動物的腦的大小是很兩極的，例如鯨魚腦重達9公斤，人腦約1.25~1.45公斤，而蜜蜂只有 1mg左右。 While some increases in brain size do affect an animal's capability for intelligent behaviour, many size differences only exist in a specific brain region. This is often seen in animals with highly developed senses (like sight or hearing) or an ability to make very precise movements. The size increase allows the brain to function in greater detail, finer resolution, higher sensitivity or greater precision: in other words, more of the same. 某處大腦的增加的確和動物的能力有點關係，例如需要聽力與視力再特定的區域就會有比較大的差異。體積的增加是會幫助他處理的更好、更精確也更敏感。 Research suggests that bigger animals may need bigger brains simply because there is more to control -- for example they need to move bigger muscles and therefore need more and bigger nerves to move them. 研究建議大型動物可能需要大一點的腦，因為需要多一點的控制。例如他們需要大一點的神經去控制大一點的肌肉。 Chittka says: "In bigger brains we often don't find more complexity, just an endless repetition of the same neural circuits over and over. This might add detail to remembered images or sounds, but not add any degree of complexity. To use a computer analogy, bigger brains might in many cases be bigger hard drives, not necessarily better processors." Chittka說"在大的腦裡面通常不會更複雜，只是相同的連結一直重複。這也許可以增加記憶的細節，但不能提供更複雜的運算。用電腦來類比的話，大的腦只提供大的硬碟空間，而非更好得處理器" This must mean that much 'advanced' thinking can actually be done with very limited neuron numbers. Computer modelling shows that even consciousness can be generated with very small neural circuits, which could in theory easily fit into an insect brain. 這裡說的是更先進的想法也許只需要少數的神經元就可以了。電腦模型顯示，亦是可以在非常小的神經電路裡產生，而理論上也可以適合昆蟲的腦。 In fact, the models suggest that counting could be achieved with only a few hundred nerve cells and only a few thousand could be enough to generate consciousness. Engineers hope that this kind of research will lead to smarter computing with the ability to recognise human facial expressions and emotions. 這個model建議上百個神經細胞就可以做運算、上千個可以產生意識。工程師希望這些研究可以發展出更聰明的計算能力，如認臉與情緒。 -- 原始網址： http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091117124009.htm -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 118.168.239.95

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