Re: 歷史講義438 439
※ 引述《pc610 (我要不成熟當小孩)》之銘言：
: War's end in 1945 found the Guomindang demoralized by the long
: years of fighting, and its government weakened by personal conflicts
: and the serious inflation that affected the areas under its control. The
: party moved swiftly but ineptly to re-establish its control over the for-
: mer Japenese-held areas, lacking the trained personnel to fill vacant
: positions and without the money to rebuild a war-shattered society.
: The communists, also without resources, moved swiftly to seize what
: areas they could from the defeated Japanese and to secure a firm base
: of support among the people of north China. The Communists looked
: particularly to Manchuria as a promising location to build up their mil-
: itary forces for a final assault on Chiang Kai-shek. Their strategy was
: proved correct. By 1948 Chiang's forces in Manchuria were routed, and
: strophic inflation and by the defection from his side of a majority of
: China's intellectuals, students, professional classes, and urban workers.
: During 1949 his remaining forces simply disintegrated, and late that
: tear, as Chiang retreated with his surviving supporters to Taiwan, Mao
: Zedong in Peking declared the founding of the new People's Republic
: of China.
Re-establishing order in China was not just a military matter. It
demanded the complete restructuring of the bureaucracy and the gov-
ernmental system, the integration of the CCP into that system, the
curbing of infation, the imposition of basic land reform, and the root-
ing out of domestic opposition. These tasks were vastly complicated by
the Korean War, to which China contributed massively between 1950
and 1953, and in which it suffered enormous casualties. But the korean
War had the advantageous effect of highlighting the need for military
reorganization and modernization. It also was used in domestic politics
as a justification for investigating, harassing, and expelling foreigners,
and for conducting a mass campaign against the Chinese themselves to
ferret out all who might be secretly sympathetic toward or previously
affiliated with the Guomingdang or foreign powers. Other mass cam-
paignsm conducted on a huge scale with much violence and intimida-
tion, were directed against inefficiencies and corruption within the
racketeering organization, and against the urban bourgeoisie with its
ingrained abuses and prejudices.
--
Every day, every night,
Wanna kiss, on your lips~
--
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◆ From: 140.112.30.126
※ 編輯: pc610 來自: 140.112.30.126 (01/05 09:37)
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