Re: [心得] 晚明萬曆、天啟年間的歐洲兵書 [2]

看板Warfare作者jimmy5680 (喜歡鯊鯊的企鵝)時間2年前 (2022/01/09 18:43)推噓2(2推 0噓 1→)

留言3則, 3人參與討論串2/2 (看更多)

我知道有人把我的文章一部分轉走了，這無所謂，反正那位板友也有放出處。不過這邊只是要釐清一個重點，怕被誤解了：所謂操典中的四十個操作火銃的步驟，並不是戰陣上的指令。詳見： : Gervase Markham，《軍人法度》(1626) : https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A06964.0001.001?view=toc https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A06964.0001.001/1:6?rgn=div1;view=fulltext As touching the Postures which belong to the Musquet,* they are fortie in n‧ mber, and are to be done; Fiue standing; three marching; eight-teene charging; and fourteene discharging: And are onely for Military Instruction in the time of Tray∣ ning, and to make the Souldier most exquisite and perfect. But in the time of present Service before the face of the enemy, or in fight, then all this great number of Postures, the Captaine shall reduce into three onely and no more. 操作火繩槍的四十個步驟，是用於操練，以便士兵熟習使用方法。實際上作戰時，並不會如此繁複的下達瑣碎的口令，只會有三個指令： The three Postures or words of Command, which are vsed for the Musquet in the face of the enemie, in Fight, or in Skirmish, are these— 1. Make readie. 準備 2. Present. 瞄準 3. Giue fire. 開火換言之，其實東西方戰場上口令/樂器都肯定是越簡便越好。 (1607年初版的荷蘭軍《武器操作》，重火繩槍是42個步驟，詳情可參考： https://bit.ly/31FkAzH ) ==== 又，上面這段原文就已經提及他所謂四十個操典口令中，五個是站姿，三個是行軍姿勢，和怎麼裝填發射火繩槍沒太大關係。 (就是國軍新訓教大家怎麼扛槍的概念) 剩下的部分可以和戚繼光紀效新書十四卷本的銃歌對比，我拿戚繼光每一個步驟，對照上述Markham的操典是哪些步驟。一洗銃 Cleare your Pann. (戚繼光寫的是「用口吹銃，使腹內潔淨」，似乎是吹槍管？ Markham這個步驟只是用手指清理火門而已。又，英國內戰的習慣是事先放空槍來清掉槍管內殘留火藥渣滓) 二下藥 Open your Charges. Charge your Musquet with Powder. (就只是把「拿出來」、「裝進去」分成兩步驟) 三送藥實 Draw out your Scowring sticke. Shorten your sticke. Ramme in your powder. Draw out your sticke. (就是把每一個動作都切開來，連插進去抽出來都分開) 四下鉛子 Charge with Bullet. 五送鉛子 Ramme in your Bullet. Draw out your sticke. Shorten your sticke and put it vp. (可以看到，連把杖抽出來、收回去都是步驟) 六下紙七送紙 (這部分Markham沒對應的，實際上歐洲應該也不少見，就是多塞一個紙團來避免游隙太大，子彈會滑出來) 八開火門九下線藥 Prime your Pann. Shut your Pann. Cast off your loose Cornes. Blow your Pann. Cast about your Musquet, with both your hands, and trayle your Rest. (注意：Markham是把這些步驟放在緊接著洗銃之後的最前面，而且火門一開始是打開的狀態，所以不用開； Markham這邊也已經閉火門了，還有吹掉火門外的殘餘火藥) 十仍閉火門安火繩 Carrie your Rest in your left hand, preparing to giue fire. Sloape your Musquet, and let the Rest sinke. In the right hand poyze your Musquet. In the left hand carrie the Musquet, with the Rest. In the right hand take your Match betweene the second finger and the thumbe. Hold the Match fast and blow it. Cocke your Match. Trie your Match. (因為重火繩槍有叉架，所以有一些步驟是說如何架槍； Markham已經閉火門了，所以這邊就是安火繩拆出四個步驟) 十一聽令開火門照准賊人舉發 Guard the Pann and blow your Match. Open your Pann. Present your Musquet. Giue fire. (這部分其實是差不多，Markham多個吹火繩來確保火不會太小) 最後，Markham還有發射完後的步驟： Dismount your Musquet and carrie it with the Rest. Vncocke your Match and put it vp betweene your fingers. 以上單以火繩槍的操作而言，分解出的步驟差別沒有說很大，畢竟武器本身差不多，使用方法是能多不一樣XD 所以我認為西歐在1600年代把各種步驟圖像化，確實如部分學者所言是突破，畢竟看圖可能比較容易理解這些步驟是怎麼做。至於我說晚明兵書步驟不明朗的內容，已經提過主要是指小隊走位的部分，不像當時西歐有很多不同的走位討論(據稱有38種之多)。 -- There are many people in the world who really don't understand, or say they don't, what is the great issue between the free world and the communist world. ～John F. Kennedy, 1963 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 76.93.54.28 (美國) ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Warfare/M.1641725010.A.761.html

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detonator

01/10 00:20, 2年前 , 1^F

01/10 00:20, 1^F

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ja23072008

01/10 02:40, 2年前 , 2^F

01/10 02:40, 2^F

※ 編輯: jimmy5680 (76.93.54.28 美國), 01/10/2022 10:54:33

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chewie

01/10 22:49, 2年前 , 3^F