[Work] GRE ISSUE & ARGUMENT
TOPIC: ISSUE230 - "College students-and people in general-prefer to follow
directions rather than make their own decisions. Therefore, colleges should
eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear
direction."
Society requires diversified contributions to develop and extend its
cultures, that is, society needs many kinds of intellectual development and
contribution, both of which derive from diversified people to extend the
cultures of society, which proves the importance of making decisions. Thus,
to achieve this societal goal, colleges should provide diversified choices in
order to elevate students' view of level and expand their scope.
Human cultures originate from the development of people's learning and
traditions which are built from education and experience, besides, cultures
are survivable only when the elements of composition of culture are
diversified in this inconstantly changing world, thus, in order to adapt to
this world, people should learn to accept diversified percipience by
considering and experiencing choices they face to develop a suitable type of
execution in order to make cultures become stronger. In history, cultures
have been changing by developing suitable method to accept the change of the
environment, such as northern American cultures, northern American cultures
accepted exotic shocks and adopted combination to convert into one of the
strongest countries. To constitute the necessary ingredients of the extension
and growth of cultures, society should provide their people choices to learn
and experience differences so that people can realize directions which is
conducive and adopt the method that is summarized from many scopes of
knowledge to achieve the goals of societal development and extension.
Since colleges enact an important role on education which is the main step to
impart students to be malleable to societies so that people could develop and
extend the cultures of society, colleges should provide as many choices as
possible to let students to experience and elevate or observe from different
viewpoints of events then make a good decision from different perspectives.
For instance, professor should teach students to suspect anything, but not
always give them answer, since original ideas may impede their exploration of
any field of knowledge to find out the variety of the world and trying to
test any methods to solve problems. Therefore, to develop and extend the
cultures of society, colleges should train students to think independently
and provide as many choices as possible to let students to learn and
experience diversified knowledge and opinions, whereby, society will be able
to acquire the necessary nutrient to feed on and become stronger.
In summary, since Society requires diversified contributions to develop and
extend its cultures and colleges enact an important role on education which
is the main step to impart students to be malleable to societies, colleges
should provide students as many choices as possible to train and induce
students to think independently, whereby, students will acquire knowledge
that is necessary to make society develops and extends.
TOPIC: ARGUMENT79 - The following appeared in a magazine for the trucking
industry.
"The Longhaul trucking company was concerned that its annual accident rate
(the number of accidents per mile driven) was too high. It granted a
significant pay increase to its drivers and increased its training standards.
It also put strict limits on the number of hours per week each driver could
drive. The following year, its trucks were involved in half the number of
accidents as before the changes were implemented. A survey of other trucking
companies found that the highest-paid drivers were the least likely to have
had an accident. Therefore, trucking companies wishing to reduce their
accident rate can do so simply by raising their drivers' pay and limiting the
overall number of hours they drive."
The argument claims that the methods Longhaul trucking company adopts to
reduce its high annual accident rate could be emulated by other companies to
reduce their annual accident rate. However, the survey that the author
provides is unpersuasive and the reasons are fallacious.
The reason of the high annual accident rate of the Longhaul trucking company
could be the total number of the sample of the annual accident rate is small,
hence, caused the rate to be high, in addition, the survey of the high annual
accident rate of the Longhaul trucking company doesn't provide the details of
previous years, drivers list, the status of the path that drivers passed
through, equipments renovation, etc. to exclude other explanations of the
high accident rate.
In addition, Since the survey of the high annual accident rate doesn't
provide any evidence and detail to clarify the reason why and what caused
high accident rate, the method of granting a significant pay increase to its
drivers and increased training standards are unpersuasive to prove the
effectiveness of this connection between solutions and problems. Besides, the
survey of the following years of Longhaul trucking company doesn't
demonstrate how the accident rates are calculated to assure that it is
convincing to compare the accident rate of the year which the solutions were
adopted.
Finally, even if the ways that Longhaul trucking company adopted to reduce is
convincing, it is not guaranteed to reduce the accident rates of other
company, since Longhaul trucking company could be different on their
intrinsic nature, dealing, cost and benefit, even drivers’ skill that other
companies couldn't emulate.
Thus, only when the author adduce convincing evidence to prove and exclude
alternative explanations which could be the reasons why the annual accident
rate was high and now is low, otherwise, the author should not suggest that
other companies could emulate the methods that Longhaul trucking company
adopts to reduce annual accident rate.
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