Re: [問題] 量子簡諧振子
※ 引述《musicbox810 (結束是一種開始)》之銘言:
: 我導到一半卡住了
: <n│a+ a+ a a│n>要怎麼得出<N>^2 N : number operator
: 我的想法
: a│n> = √n│n-1>
: aa│n> = √n√(n-1) => 右邊的bra哪去了? 應該是 aa│n> = √n√(n-1)|n-2>
: 所以<n│a+ a+ a a│n> = n(n-1)
: 並不是<N>^2 = n^2
: 請問我錯在哪裡
: 感謝解答
(解)
From the commutation relation [a,a+] =1,
we have a+ a = a a+ -1 . Thus
<n│a+ a+ a a│n>
= <n|a+ (a a+ -1)a |n>
= <n|a+ a a+ a|n> - <n|a+ a|n>
= √n√n <n-1|a a+|n-1> - √n√n <n-1|n-1>
= n* √n√n - n
= n(n-1)
,where we have used properties of arising and lowering operators:
a|n> = √n|n-1> , <n|a+ = <n-1|√n ;
a+|n> = √n+1|n+1> , <n|a = <n+1|√n+1
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◆ From: 140.112.102.3
※ 編輯: phs 來自: 140.112.102.3 (11/05 19:10)
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