[新聞] 中國版GPS擁有了比美國GPS更多的衛星
1.媒體來源:
日經新聞
2.記者署名
KAZUHIRO KIDA, SHINICHI HASHIMOTO, Nikkei staff writers
3.完整新聞標題:
China's version of GPS now has more satellites than US original
中國版GPS擁有比美國原版GPS更多的衛星
4.完整新聞內文:
TOKYO -- China's BeiDou satellite positioning system has overtaken its U.S.
rival in size, a shift with potentially huge implications for both high-tech
industry and national security.
東京 - 中國北斗衛星定位系統的規模超過了美國的競爭對手，這一轉變對高科技產業和
國家安全都有潛在的巨大影響。
The U.S. has long been the world leader in satellite-based positioning with
its Global Positioning System. China by contrast did not put itself on the m
ap until relatively recently, launching its first such satellite in 2000.
美國長期以來一直是全球定位系統衛星定位的全球領導者。 相比之下，中國直到最近才
開始在此領域參與競爭，并在2000年發射第一顆導航衛星。
Satellite-based positioning systems are the bedrock upon which a vast array
of location services is built -- everything from smartphone games to emergen
cy notification systems makes use of location data. These systems also allow
aircraft and ships to navigate and enable remote operation of huge agricult
ural and mining machines with pinpoint precision.
基于衛星的定位系統是構建大量定位服務的基礎——從智能手機游戲到緊急通知系統，
一切都利用了位置數據。 這些系統還能夠給飛機和船只導航，并以極高的精度遠程操作
大型農業和采礦機械。
The European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency estimates the market
for devices and location data services will reach 180 billion euros ($199 b
illion) by 2020, with 8 billion receivers in operation, making satellites an
important part of a country's industrial competitiveness.
歐洲全球導航衛星系統局估計，到2020年，設備和位置數據服務市場將達到1,800億歐元
(合1,900億美元)，擁有80億個接收器，使衛星成為一個國家工業競爭力的重要組成部分
。
A Nikkei analysis of satellite orbit data from leading U.S. receiver maker T
rimble highlighted BeiDou's rapid growth. China launched 18 satellites for t
he system in 2018 alone. As of the end of June, there were 35 BeiDou satelli
tes in operation, compared with 31 for GPS.
日經對美國主要衛星接收設備制造商Trimble衛星軌道數據的分析突顯出北斗的快速增長
。僅2018年，中國就為該系統發射了18顆衛星。截至6月底，共有35顆北斗衛星投入使用
，而GPS只有31顆。
The EU, meanwhile, has 22 positioning satellites and Russia 24. Japan operat
es four "quasi-zenith" satellites, which are limited to regional use, while
India has six.
與此同時，歐盟擁有22顆、俄羅斯擁有24顆定位衛星。日本擁有4顆“準天頂”衛星，僅
限于區域使用，而印度則有6顆衛星。
As of June 28, Chinese satellites were observed more frequently than GPS sat
ellites in 130 of 195 countries (U.N. member states plus the Vatican and Pal
estine). More than 20 BeiDou satellites were observed over mainland China.
截至6月28日，在195個國家(聯合國成員國外加梵蒂岡和巴勒斯坦)的130個國家，中國衛
星的可觀測頻率超過了GPS衛星。在中國大陸能觀測到20多顆北斗衛星。
China is using its Belt and Road Initiative to promote the BeiDou navigation
system. BeiDou satellites were the most frequently observed in more than 10
0 of the 137 countries that have signed on to the massive infrastructure pro
ject. Most were in Southeast Asia and Africa.
中國正在利用“一帶一路”倡議推廣北斗導航系統。在137個簽署了這項大規模基礎設施
項目的國家中，有100多個國家最頻繁地觀測到北斗衛星。大多數在東南亞和非洲。
The Pakistani military relies on BeiDou for positioning data, and in April t
here was a test run of self-driving tractors in Tunisia using the system. Mo
re than 30 countries in the Middle East, Africa and elsewhere use the Chines
e navigation system. If it becomes the standard in these countries, China wi
ll have an advantage in introducing new technologies and products.
巴基斯坦軍方依賴北斗定位數據；今年4月還在突尼斯進行了一次使用該系統的自動駕駛
拖拉機的測試。中東、非洲和其他地區的30多個國家使用中國的導航系統。如果它成為
這些國家的標準，中國將在出口新技術和新產品方面具有優勢。
BeiDou is also making inroads in Japan, the U.S. and Europe. About 10 Chines
e satellites were seen over New York and London, fewer than in Asia. But the
re were almost as many Chinese satellites overhead in the two cities as Amer
ican and European ones during certain hours. Japan's four quasi-zenith satel
lites usually operate in conjunction with around 10 GPS satellites. But more
than 20 BeiDou satellites could be observed daily over Japan.
北斗還在進軍日本、美國和歐洲。大約有10顆中國衛星在紐約和倫敦上空被觀測到，少
于亞洲。但在特定的時間內，這兩座城市上空的中國衛星數量幾乎與美國和歐洲的衛星
數量相當。日本的四顆準天頂衛星通常與大約10顆GPS衛星一起工作。但日本每天可以觀
測到20多顆北斗衛星。
A report by the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, a U.S. c
ongressional panel, estimates that Beijing will invest up to $10.6 billion o
n its satellite positioning system between 1994 and 2020. The country plans
to launch about 10 satellites by 2020. The bigger the constellation of satel
lites, the more accurate the positioning. Nobuaki Kubo, a professor at Tokyo
University of Marine Science and Technology, believes BeiDou will be as acc
urate as the satellite systems of advanced economies within a few years.
美國國會的一個專門小組——美中經濟與安全審查委員會估計，在1994年至2020年期間
，北京將在其衛星定位系統上投資至多106億美元。中國計劃到2020年發射約10顆衛星。
衛星星座越多，定位就越精確。東京海洋科技大學教授久保信(Nobuaki Kubo)認為，“
北斗”將在幾年內與發達經濟體的衛星系統一樣精確。
The growth of China's satellite data positioning industry has profound impli
cations. Chinese smartphones and car navigation systems are BeiDou-compatibl
e by default; foreign manufacturers are following suit because products and
services that use BeiDou are available in many other countries.
中國衛星定位產業的發展具有深遠的意義。中國的智能手機和汽車導航系統默認與北斗
兼容；外國制造商紛紛效仿，因為使用北斗的產品和服務在許多其他國家都可以買到。
U.S. chipmaker Qualcomm was the first to supply chips for BeiDou-capable sma
rtphones. Leading American smartphone makers other than Apple use the chips
in their devices. STMicroelectronics of Switzerland adopted the BeiDou syste
m for its automotive semiconductors in 2015.
美國芯片制造商高通公司是第一家為北斗智能手機供應芯片的公司。除了蘋果以外，美
國領先的智能手機制造商在他們的設備中使用這種芯片。2015年，瑞士意法半導體公司
在其汽車半導體產品中采用了北斗系統。
"We need to be compatible with positioning satellites around the world with
a single type of semiconductor," said Yuji Motohashi, who heads the automoti
ve digital product division at STMicroelectronics Japan unit. For companies
with global ambitions, making BeiDou-compatible products is a necessity.
意法半導體日本分部汽車數字產品部門主管元橋裕二(Yuji Motohashi)表示:“我們需要
用一種與全球所有衛星定位系統兼容的芯片。”對于有全球抱負的公司來說，生產與北
斗兼容的產品是必要的。
Chinese tech companies are using BeiDou to sharpen their edge. Lenovo Group
Vice President Chang Cheng announced in May that the location function of it
s new Z6 smartphone is accurate to within 1 meter. The handset has a chip th
at receives signals of varying frequencies from BeiDou satellites to improve
accuracy, which for most smartphones is about 3 to 5 meters.
中國的科技公司正在利用北斗來增強自己的優勢。聯想集團副總裁常成今年5月宣布，其
新款Z6智能手機的定位功能精確到1米以內。這款手機有一個芯片，可以接收來自北斗衛
星的不同頻率的信號，以提高精確度。大多數智能手機的精確度在3至5米之間。
Qianxun SI, a location services provider funded by Alibaba Group Holding and
others, is using BeiDou signals and data from more than 2,000 ground statio
ns to create a positioning service for self-driving vehicles with an accurac
y in the centimeter range. Just as the U.S. became the leader in positioning
services with GPS, China is working to develop new satellite-based technolo
gy and promote it around the world using BeiDou.
由阿里巴巴集團控股(Alibaba Group Holding)等公司出資的定位服務提供商千訊思(Qi
anxun SI)，正在利用來自2000多個地面站的北斗信號和數據，為自動駕駛汽車打造一項
定位服務，精確度在厘米范圍內。正如美國成為全球定位系統(GPS)定位服務的領導者一
樣，中國也在努力開發新的基于衛星的技術，并利用北斗在全球推廣。
The rise of BeiDou has raised alarms in the U.S. national security establish
ment. Unlike GPS, which only sends signals, and cannot identify the location
of receivers, BeiDou's communications with the ground are two-way.
北斗的崛起引起了美國國家安全機構的警惕。不像GPS，它只發送信號，不能識別接收器
的位置，北斗與地面的通信是雙向的。
When using BeiDou for car navigation, the receiver could theoretically trans
mit the car's location to a satellite in orbit, said Dean Cheng, a senior re
search fellow at the Heritage Foundation in Washington. He also believes Chi
nese satellites can jam signals in specific areas. The U.S. government is wo
rried that such capabilities could be used in cyberattacks.
華盛頓傳統基金會(Heritage Foundation)高級研究員Dean Cheng說，當使用北斗導航時
，接收器理論上可以將汽車的位置發送給軌道上的衛星。他還認為，中國衛星可以在特
定領域干擾信號。美國政府擔心這種能力可能被用于網絡攻擊。
5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址):
https://tinyurl.com/y2tntjul
6.備註:
記得北斗系統剛剛完成亞太區組網的時候，本版對北斗嗤之以鼻外加嘲笑，沒想到短短
幾年不到北斗就完成了全球組網并且衛星數量已經比GPS多了（35 vs 31），真是三十年
河東三十年河西啊。
2000年剛發射北斗一號時，又有誰能想到短短20年間中國能建成全球最大的衛星導航系統？
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 221.222.25.102 (中國)
※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1566536302.A.D12.html
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不是有沒有輸的問題，而是真打起來不怕美國關掉GPS了。為什么歐盟、俄羅斯、印度都
要建自己的導航系統？就是不要把命脈掌握在美國人手里。
而且每年導航服務有那么多產值，憑什么都讓老美一家拿走？呵呵。
※ 編輯: czqs2000 (221.222.25.102 中國), 08/23/2019 13:04:35
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U.S. chipmaker Qualcomm was the first to supply chips for BeiDou-capable smart-
phones.
高通的芯片里都集成北斗方案了，快把你手機扔掉。
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※ 編輯: czqs2000 (221.222.25.102 中國), 08/23/2019 13:06:22
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U.S. chipmaker Qualcomm was the first to supply chips for BeiDou-capable smart-
phones.
快把你手機扔掉。
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還有 45 則推文
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