[爆卦] 經濟學人: 什麼是中華台北已回收
https://goo.gl/1bUKpV
What is“Chinese Taipei”?
It is all to do with the dragon next door
ALMOST overlooked amid the flag-waving participants of the opening ceremony
at the winter Olympics in February was a tiny delegation of four competitors
walking behind a sign that was not the name of an actual country (pictured).
“Chinese Taipei” are two words that have come to symbolise the diplomatic
isolation of a prosperous island of 24m people. Using that name is the only
way Taiwan can participate in many international organisations or events. And
there are many such bodies in which the island still cannot take part at all.
Why is this? And what does the phrase “Chinese Taipei” mean?
在2月的冬季奧運開幕式上,有一個僅四位參賽者的小小代表團,走在一面不是代表
實體國家的旗子後面。"中華台北"這個字代表了一個外交孤立,但擁有2400萬人口的
繁榮島嶼。使用這個名字是台灣得以參與國際組織或活動的唯一方法。但仍有許多組
織是台灣無法以這個名字去參與的。為何是這樣?還有到底什麼是掐你死胎配?
The Republic of China (ROC)—China’s official name after the fall of the
imperial system in 1912—was an American ally in the war against Japan. But
its leader Chiang Kai-shek lost the civil war against Mao Zedong’s
Communists that followed, and in 1949 Chiang and his followers fled to
Taiwan. The island inherited the ROC name, even as Mao founded the People’s
Republic of China (PRC) on the mainland. The outbreak of the Korean war
prevented Mao taking Taiwan, and the island became an America-backed bulwark
against communism during the cold war. Initially authoritarian, Taiwan
developed into a thriving market economy and eventually a democracy. But one
of the conditions prior to Richard Nixon’s opening with Communist China in
1972 was that the United Nations switch its recognition from Taipei to
Beijing. Ever since, the mainland has enforced its claim to be the sole
legitimate government of all of China (including Taiwan) and has attempted to
squeeze the island’s international space by keeping it out of the UN and its
affiliated bodies. Taiwan now has diplomatic relations with only a handful of
small countries, such as Burkina Faso and El Salvador.
中華民國(ROC)是1912年清帝國滅亡後,中國的正式稱呼,同時也是美國在二戰時對抗
日本帝國的盟友。但領導人蔣介石在內戰中敗給了毛澤東的共產黨,因此在1949年蔣與
其追隨者們便敗逃到了台灣。這個島嶼繼承了中華民國的名字,如同毛澤東在中國大陸
所使用的中華人民共和國那般。韓戰的爆發阻止了毛澤東侵占台灣,台灣也成為了美國
在冷戰中對抗共產陣營的堡壘。經歷了初期的威權統治,台灣走向繁榮的市場經濟並且
完成了民主化。但在尼克森總統對共產中國開放之前,聯合國已經將中國的代表權由台
北轉移給北京,因此北京政府便強硬地宣稱他們是中國(包含台灣)唯一的政府,並持續
將台灣排擠在聯合國以及其附隨組織之外,壓縮台灣在國際上的生存空間。台灣現在僅
跟幾個小國擁有邦交關係,如布吉納法索跟薩爾瓦多。
In 1976 Taiwan wanted to compete in the summer Olympics in Montreal, as the
ROC. But mainland leaders would not permit “two Chinas” to take part. The
Taiwanese refused to compete under the name of “Taiwan” because doing so
would mean setting aside its own claim to be the rightful government of all
of China. In order to take part in any international arena it needed a name
acceptable to the PRC. “Chinese Taipei” enabled Beijing to look magnanimous
in allowing ethnic Chinese brothers to compete, while not allowing any
recognition of Taiwan as a separate political entity. Taiwan swallows that
indignity in order to get the international participation it desires. While
Chinese state media use a term for it (zhongguo taibei) that translates as “
China’s Taipei”, Taiwanese media use a phrase (zhonghua taibei) implying a
broader, more cultural Chineseness. Using the name has allowed Taiwan to take
part in some important international bodies, such as the World Trade
Organisation, the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation forum (APEC) and the
Olympics, as well as a host of less important groups, such as the South
Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation. But it all still relies
on the goodwill of mainland Chinese leaders.
台灣在1976年想要使用ROC來參加蒙特婁奧運,但北京政府的領導人不允許兩個中國同
時存在。而台灣方面也拒絕使用台灣為名來參賽,因為這樣的話等於無視了自己代表
全中國的法統。為了能參加國際賽事,台灣必須使用一個中華人民共和國也能接受的
名字。用"中華台北"這個名字參賽,讓北京政府看起來對其同文同種的華人兄弟展現
了寬大,儘管任何凸顯台灣政治主體性的東西依然是不被允許的。台灣為了能參與國
際活動只能吞下這個屈辱。中國官媒使用中國台北這個字眼,意涵為中國的台北。而台
媒使用中華台北這個稱呼來意涵一個更大的,更文明的"中華"。使用中華台北之名讓
台灣得以參與如WTO、APEC和奧運等等重要的國際組織,而且也主辦了一些次要的活動
如南太平洋漁業組織,但這些依然要依靠北京政府的疝液。
Today, however, there is growing backlash in Taiwan against the term Chinese
Taipei, especially among young people for whom a distinct Taiwanese identity
has displaced any vestigial loyalty to the idea of a future unified China. A
recent poll in Taiwan indicated that nearly 60% of respondents consider
themselves to be exclusively Taiwanese, whereas only 37% identify as both
Taiwanese and Chinese. In February pro-independence activists submitted a
petition to the government demanding that Taiwanese athletes be allowed to
compete under the name “Taiwan” at the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo. The trouble
is that China is unlikely to agree, and China’s word carries even greater
weight now than it did back in 1972.
而今,越來越多台灣人對掐你死胎配懷有強烈的反感,特別是那些以台灣人身分
認同取代了過時的中華統一思想的年輕人。台灣最近一份民調顯示將近60%的人認
為自己是台灣人,37%認為自己同時是台灣人跟中國人。二月時獨派人士提交了一
份希望以台灣之名參加2020東京奧運的請願書給政府,但問題是中國不可能同意,
而且如今的中國比1972年更具影響力。
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 220.129.110.1
※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1523293126.A.2A5.html
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※ 編輯: OdaTakeda (220.129.110.1), 04/10/2018 01:00:54
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