Re: 2009化學諾貝爾獎...
※ 引述《penx (...)》之銘言：
: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry goes to Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A.
: Steitz and Ada E. Yonath "for studies of the structure and function of the
: ribosome".
The ribosome translates the DNA code into life
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2009 awards studies of one of life's core
processes: the ribosome's translation of DNA information into life. Ribosomes
produce proteins, which in turn control the chemistry in all living
organisms. As ribosomes are crucial to life, they are also a major target for
new antibiotics.
This year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas
A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath for having showed what the ribosome looks like
and how it functions at the atomic level. All three have used a method called
X-ray crystallography to map the position for each and every one of the
hundreds of thousands of atoms that make up the ribosome.
Inside every cell in all organisms, there are DNA molecules. They contain the
blueprints for how a human being, a plant or a bacterium, looks and
functions. But the DNA molecule is passive. If there was nothing else, there
would be no life.
The blueprints become transformed into living matter through the work of
ribosomes. Based upon the information in DNA, ribosomes make proteins:
oxygen-transporting haemoglobin, antibodies of the immune system, hormones
such as insulin, the collagen of the skin, or enzymes that break down sugar.
There are tens of thousands of proteins in the body and they all have
different forms and functions. They build and control life at the chemical
level.
An understanding of the ribosome's innermost workings is important for a
scientific understanding of life. This knowledge can be put to a practical
and immediate use; many of today's antibiotics cure various diseases by
blocking the function of bacterial ribosomes. Without functional ribosomes,
bacteria cannot survive. This is why ribosomes are such an important target
for new antibiotics.
This year's three Laureates have all generated 3D models that show how
different antibiotics bind to the ribosome. These models are now used by
scientists in order to develop new antibiotics, directly assisting the saving
of lives and decreasing humanity's suffering.
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