Re: [課程] 共筆勘誤
※ 引述《Richard77523 (拖鞋打蟑螂)》之銘言：
: 共筆第十二冊
: 32頁
: 拜託不要扯上我
: 我絕對有將乳酸酸血症的臨床翻譯給組頭
: 拜託不要扯上我
附上原稿
Clinical correlation15.5
乳酸酸血症：This is the characterized by elevated blood lactate levels,
usually greater than 5 mM,這個疾病由血中乳酸鹽濃度(通常超過5mM)
With decreased blood pH and bicarbonate concentrations.和降低的血pH值和碳酸氫
鹽濃度 Lactic acidosis is the most frequent from of metabolic acidosis and
can be the consequence of overproduction of lactate, underutilization of
lactate, or both.乳糖的酸中毒是來自代謝酸中毒的最頻繁的，並且可能是乳酸鹽的生
產過剩的結果，乳酸鹽的利用不足，或者兩個都有。 Lactate production is
normally balanced by lactate utilization so that lactate is usually not
present in the blood at concentrations greater than 1.2 mM. 乳酸鹽產物通常被因
為乳酸鹽的使用而平衡，通常不在於血液中不大於1.2mM All tissues can produce lactate by anaerobic
glycolysis, but most tissues do not produce large quantities since they are
well-supplied with oxygen and mitochondria.每個組織在無氧醣解時都會製造乳酸，
但他們在氧氣充足且粒線體充足時不會置在大量的乳酸 However, all tissues respond
with an increase in lactate generation when oxygenation is inadequate.然而全部
組織物在氧氣不足時乳酸值就會增加。A decrease in ATP from reduced oxidative
phosphorylation increases the activity of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase.因降低的氧
化的磷酸化作用而使的ATP 的減少，增加了6 phosphofructo-1-kinase的活動。 Thus,
tissues have to rely on anaerobic glycolysis for ATP production under such
conditions and overproduce lactic acid.因此，組織物必須為ATP 在這樣的條件下的
生產倚賴無氧醣解並且超額生產乳酸。 A good example is muscle exercise, which
can deplete the tissue of oxygen and cause and overproduction of lactic acid.
舉例來說，肌肉練習，耗盡組織物的氧導致乳酸生產過剩。 Tissue hypoxia occurs,
however, in all forms of shock, during convulsions, and in diseases involving
circulatory and pulmonary failure.組織缺氧並發生抽筋與循環和肺衰竭有關。
The major fate of lactate in the body is either complete combustion to CO2
and H2O or conversion back to glucose by the process of gluconeogenesis, both
require oxygen.在身體裡的乳酸鹽最後可能完全然收為水和二氧化碳或者變換透過醣類
新生的過程轉變回葡萄糖，都需要氧。 Decreased oxygen availability, therefore,
increases lactate production and decreases lactate utilization.可用的氧減少了
，因此，增加乳酸鹽產量，乳酸鹽的使用減少。 The latter can also be decreased
by liver diseases, ethanol, and a number of other drugs. 後者也能因肝病，酒精
和許多其他藥降低。 Phenformin, a drug that was once used to treat the
hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetes, was well-documented to induce lactic
acidosis in certain patients. Phenformin，曾經被用來對待2 類型糖尿病的
hyperglycemia的一種藥，被證明會引起某些病患乳酸中毒。
Bicarbonate is usually administered in an attempt to control the acidosis
associated with lactic acid accumulation.碳酸氫鹽通常被用於控制與乳酸累積相關
的酸中毒。 The key to successful treatment, however, is to find and
eliminate the cause of the overproduction and/or underutilization of lactic
acid and most often involves the restoration of circulation of oxygenated
blood.但是，成功的處理的關鍵， 是要去發現並且消除生產過剩的原因和或乳酸的利用
不足並且與充氧血循環的恢復最為有關。
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