將於06/8/24在國際天文協會表決的 行星定義草案
http://www.iau2006.org/mirror/www.iau.org/iau0601/iau0601_resolution.html
Draft Resolution 5 for GA-XXVI: Definition of a Planet
Contemporary observations are changing our understanding of the Solar System,
and it is important that our nomenclature for objects reflect our current
understanding. This applies, in particular, to the designation "planets". The
word "planet" originally described "wanderers" that were known only as moving
lights in the sky. Recent discoveries force us to create a new definition,
which we can make using currently available scientific information. (Here we
are not concerned with the upper boundary between "planet" and "star".)
The IAU therefore resolves that planets and other Solar System bodies be
defined in the following way:
(1) A planet is a celestial body that (a) has sufficient mass for its
self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic
equilibrium (nearly round) shape1, and (b) is in orbit around a star, and is
neither a star nor a satellite of a planet.2
(2) We distinguish between the eight classical planets discovered before
1900, which move in nearly circular orbits close to the ecliptic plane, and
mother planetary objects in orbit around the Sun. All of these other objects
are smaller than Mercury. We recognize that Ceres is a planet by the above
scientific definition. For historical reasons, one may choose to distinguish
Ceres from the classical planets by referring to it as a "dwarf planet."3
(3) We recognize Pluto to be a planet by the above scientific definition, as
are one or more recently discovered large Trans-Neptunian Objects. In
contrast to the classical planets, these objects typically have highly
inclined orbits with large eccentricities and orbital periods in excess of
200 years. We designate this category of planetary objects, of which Pluto is
the prototype, as a new class that we call "plutons".
(4) All non-planet objects orbiting the Sun shall be referred to collectively
as "Small Solar System Bodies".4
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1 This generally applies to objects with mass above 5 x 10^20 kg and diameter
greater than 800 km. An IAU process will be established to evaluate planet
candidates near this boundary.
2 For two or more objects comprising a multiple object system, the primary
object is designated a planet if it independently satisfies the conditions
above. A secondary object satisfying these conditions is also designated a
planet if the system barycentre resides outside the primary. Secondary
objects not satisfying these criteria are "satellites". Under this
definition, Pluto's companion Charon is a planet, making Pluto-Charon a
double planet.
3 If Pallas, Vesta, and/or Hygeia are found to be in hydrostatic equilibrium,
they are also planets, and may be referred to as "dwarf planets".
4 This class currently includes most of the Solar System asteroids,
near-Earth objects (NEOs), Mars-, Jupiter- and Neptune-Trojan asteroids, most
Centaurs, most Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs), and comets. In the new
nomenclature the concept "minor planet" is not used.
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