Re: 斯威尼1995年於美國國會發表對於原爆的證詞

看板Warfare作者qlz (())時間13年前 (2011/02/23 04:53)推噓4(4推 0噓 3→)

留言7則, 5人參與討論串3/6 (看更多)

Did the atomic missions end the war? Yes...they...did. Were they necessary? Well that's where the rub comes. 使用原子彈轟炸是否結束戰爭？是的。那是必要的嗎？有爭議。 With the fog of 50 years drifting over the memory of our country, to some, the Japanese are now the victims. America was the insatiable, vindictive aggressor seeking revenge and conquest. Our use of these weapons was the unjustified and immoral starting point for the nuclear age with all of its horrors. Of course, to support such distortion, one must conveniently ignore the real facts of fabricate new realities to fit the theories. It is no less egregious than those who today deny the Holocaust occurred. 50年的時間讓記憶變得模糊。對我國某些人來說，日本現在是受害者。美國是貪得無饜的、報復心重的侵略征服者。我們對核武器的使用，是不公正和不道德的恐怖核子時代起點。當然，為了支持這種歪曲，他們必須忽略真正的事實來編造新現實以符合理論。其中最嚴重的，莫過於否認大屠殺發生。 How could this have happened? 這種事怎麼會發生呢？ The answer may lie in examining some recent events. 答案可能在於最近研究的一些事件。 The current debate about why President Truman ordered these missions, in some cases, has devolved to a numbers game. The Smithsonian in its proposed exhibit of the Enola Gay revealed the creeping revisionism which seems the rage in certain historical circles. 這次爭論為什麼杜魯門總統下令使用原子彈時，在某些情況下，已經變成一個數字遊戲。史密斯森學會【註1】預備提供的「艾諾拉．蓋伊」【註2】展覽，顯示似乎會在特定的歷史圈造成毛骨悚然的歷史修正。【註1】Smithsonian Institution，是美國一系列博物館和研究機構的集合組織。該組織囊括19 座博物館、9座研究中心、美術館和國家動物園以及1.365億件藝術品和標本。也是美國唯一一所由美國政府資助、半官方性質的第三部門博物館機構，同時也擁有世界最大的博物館系統和研究聯合體。【註2】Enola Gay是投擲「小男孩」原子彈到廣島的B-29轟炸機之名。 That exhibit wanted to memorialize the fiction that the Japanese were the victims - we the evil aggressor. Imagine taking your children and grandchildren to this exhibit. What message would they have left with? What truth would they retain? What would they think their country stood for? 這項展覽意圖造就一個謊言——日本是受害者，我們是邪惡的侵略者。試著想像如果你的孩子和孫子看到這個展覽，他們會留下什麼印象？他們會相信何謂真相？他們會認為自己的國家象徵什麼？ And all of this would have occurred in an American institution whose very name and charter are supposed to stand for the impartial preservation of significant American artifacts. 所有這一切，將發生在一個其名稱和機能理應站在公正維護美國重要文物立場的美國機構。 By canceling the proposed exhibit and simply displaying the Enola Gay, has truth won out? 如果取消預定展覽，只是單純展示「艾諾拉．蓋伊」號，可以述說真相嗎？ Maybe not. 也許不能。 In one nationally televised discussion, I heard a so-called prominent historian argue that the bombs were nor necessary. That President Truman was intent on intimidating the Russians. That the Japanese were ready to surrender. 在一次全國性的電視討論時，我聽到一個所謂的著名歷史學家認為，使用原子彈是沒有必要的。那是杜魯門總統意圖恐嚇俄羅斯人的作法，而日本已經準備投降。 The Japanese were ready to surrender? Based on what? Some point to statements by General Eisenhower years after the war that Japan was about to fall. Well, based on that same outlook Eisenhower seriously underestimated Germany's will to fight on and concluded in December, 1944 that Germany no longer had the capability to wage offensive war. 日本準備投降？根據什麼？有些人提出，艾森豪將軍曾經說過，日本已經準備投降。然而，基於同樣判斷，艾森豪也曾經嚴重低估德國繼續戰鬥的意志，1944年12月就下結論說，德國已經沒有進行攻勢作戰的能力。 That was a tragic miscalculation. The result was the Battle of the Bulge, which resulted in tens of thousands of needless Allied casualties and potentially allowed Germany to prolong the war and force negotiations. Thus the assessment that Japan was vanquished may have the benefit of hindsight rather than foresight. 這是一個災難性的錯誤判斷。其結果是突出部戰役的激戰。這場戰爭造成數萬盟軍毫無必要的犧牲，並冒著允許德國拖延戰爭和有條件投降的風險。如此，預期日本將會投降，無疑是後見之明。 It is certainly fair to conclude that the Japanese could have been reasonably expected to be even more fanatical than the Germans base on the history of the war in the Pacific. 一個相當公正的結論是，根據太平洋戰爭的情況，可以合理地預期日本將是比德國更瘋狂的敵人。 And, finally, a present-day theory making the rounds espouses that even if an invasion had taken place, our casualties would not have been a million, as many believed, but realistically only 46,000 dead. ONLY 46,000! 最後，有一種理論認為如果盟軍進攻日本本土，我們傷亡不會高達100萬，而是僅僅46000 條性命。只不過是46000條性命！ Can you imagine the callousness of this line of argument? ONLY 46,000- as if this were some insignificant number of American lives. Perhaps these so-called historians want to sell books. Perhaps they really believe it. Or perhaps it reflects some self-loathing occasioned by the fact that we won the war. Whatever the reason, the argument is flawed. It dissects and recalculates events ideologically, grasping at selective straws. Let me admit right here, today, that I don't know how many more Americans would have died in an invasion - AND NEITHER DOES ANYONE ELSE! 你能夠想像，這種論點有多麼冷酷嗎？僅僅46000條性命——好像說這個數字對美國人的生命(少得)無關緊要。也許，那些所謂的「歷史學家」只想賣書。或許因為是我們贏得戰爭而感到心虛。無論理由為何，這種論點是錯誤的。它從根本上就和事實不符，只是選擇性斷章取義下結論。讓我在此聲明，我不清楚將會有多少美國人在進攻日本時傷亡——也沒有任何人知道！ What I do know is that based on the Japanese conduct during the war, it is fair and reasonable to assume that an invasion of the mainland would have been a prolonged and bloody affair. Based on what we know - not what someone surmises - the Japanese were not about to unconditionally surrender. 根據日本戰時行為的判斷，我的確認為，一個公正合理假設是對日本本土進攻，將是漫長而代價高昂的。根據我們所知道的情況——而非根據某些人的假想——日本不打算無條件投降。 In taking Iwo Jima, a tiny 8 square mile lump of rock in the ocean, 6,700 marines died - total casualties over 30,000. 在硫黃島——一個僅僅8平方英里的太平洋島礁——戰役中，6700名海軍陸戰隊官兵犧牲，而傷亡總數超過30000人。 But even assuming that those who now KNOW our casualties would have been ONLY 46,000 I ask - Which 46,000 were to die? Whose father? Whose brother? Whose husband? And, yes, I am focusing on American lives. 但對那些假設我們損失僅僅46000人的人，我要問：是哪46000人？誰的父親？誰的兄弟？誰的丈夫？是的，我只注意到美國人的生命。 The Japanese had their fate in their own hands, we did not. Hundreds of thousands of American troops anxiously waited at staging areas in the Pacific dreading the coming invasion, their fate resting on what Japanese would do next. The Japanese could have ended it at any time. They chose to wait. 但是，日本的命運掌握造日本人手中，不是美國。數以萬計的美軍部隊焦急地在大洋中等待進攻——他們的命運，取決於日本下一步怎麼做。日本可以選擇在任何時刻結束。他們選擇等待。 And while the Japanese stalled, an average of 900 more Americans were killed or wounded each day the war continued. 在日本「拖延」的時候，隨著戰事的進行，美軍每天平均傷亡900多人。 I've heard another line of argument that we should have accepted a negotiated peace with the Japanese on terms they would have found acceptable. I have never heard anyone suggest that we should have negotiated a peace with Nazi Germany. Such an idea is so outrageous, that no rational human being would utter the words. To negotiate with such evil fascism was to allow it even in defeat a measure of legitimacy. This is not just some empty philosophical principal of the time - it was essential that these forces of evil be clearly and irrevocably defeated - their demise unequivocal. Their leadership had forfeited any expectation of diplomatic niceties. How it is, then, the history of the war in the Pacific can be so soon forgotten? 我曾經聽到另一種說法，說我們應該與日本談判，提出一個日本可以接受的有條件投降條件；而我從來沒聽任何人提出要與納粹德國談判投降。這是一個無恥的念頭，任何有理性的人都不會說出這樣的話。與這樣一個邪惡法西斯魔鬼談判，就是承認其合法性，即使事實上已經打敗它。這不是那個時代的空洞哲學原則，必須徹底、乾淨剷除法西斯的勢力，明確被消滅。法西斯領導者，已經喪失他們外交的信譽。為什麼，太平洋戰爭的歷史這麼容易就被遺忘呢？ The reason may lie in the advancing erosion of our history, of our collective memory. 原因可能在於，在我們的歷史、我們的集體記憶中進展的侵蝕。 Fifty years after their defeat, Japanese officials have the temerity to claim they were the victims. That Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the equivalent of the Holocaust. 在他們戰敗五十年後，日本官員魯莽聲稱他們是受害者。廣島和長崎分別相當於大屠殺。 And, believe it or not, there are actually some American academics who support this analogy, thus aiding and giving comfort to a 50-year attempt by the Japanese to rewrite their own history, and ours in the process. There is an entire generation of Japanese who do not know the full extent of their country's conduct during World War II. 不論你是否相信，的確有一些美國學者支持這個比喻，在這個過程中從而協助，因此給予慰問，由日本重寫自己和我們的歷史——已經嘗試50年。有整整一代日本人不知道她們國家在第二次世界大戰期間的所作所為。 This explains why they do not comprehend why they must apologize- ‧for the Korean comfort women. ‧for the Medical experimentation on POW's which match the horror of those conducted by the Nazi's. ‧for the plane to use biological weapons against the United States by infecting civilian populations on the West Coast. ‧for the methodical slaughter of civilians. ‧and for much more. 這解釋為何他們不懂為什麼他們必須道歉——為韓國的慰安婦、為由納粹帶頭，對戰俘進行的恐怖醫學試驗、為以飛機運載生化武器而感染的美國西海岸平民、為組織性被屠殺的平民，以及更多更多。 In a perverse inversion, by forgetting our own history, we contribute to the Japanese amnesia, to the detriment of both our nations. Unlike the Germans who acknowledged their guilt, the Japanese persist in the fiction that they did nothing wrong, that they were trapped by circumstances. This only forecloses any genuine prospect that the deep wounds suffered by both nations can be closed and healed. One can only forgive by remembering. And to forget, is to risk repeating history. 在反向倒置，忘記自己的歷史中，我們貢獻給日本的失憶症，對雙方國家都是一種傷害。不像德國人承認自己有罪，日本堅持「他們沒有錯」的謊言，它的行為是受當時困境的拖累。這種態度，粉碎任何真正彌合各國之間創傷的希望。人們只能藉由記憶而獲得原諒。只要遺忘，歷史重演的風險就會存在。 (待續) -- 以後還是不要轉情報好了。當轉四次有三次是OP或假情報之後，我覺得這只是在造孽。 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 218.168.74.195

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kingsmill

02/23 06:18, , 1^F

02/23 06:18, 1^F

囧，看來我真的是半夜翻到眼睛有問題了，連deny的字義都看反orz

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zhongxia

02/23 13:33, , 2^F

02/23 13:33, 2^F

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PsycoZero

02/23 13:51, , 3^F