Re: [訃聞] 史上第三王牌飛行員京特．拉爾逝世

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※ 引述《qilai (合眾國的榮華也快完了)》之銘言： : ※ [本文轉錄自 IA 看板] : 作者: qilai (合眾國的榮華也快完了) 看板: IA : 標題: [訃聞] 史上第三王牌飛行員京特．拉爾逝世 : 時間: Tue Oct 13 07:57:13 2009 : 標題:Generalleutnant Günther Rall : 新聞來源: : http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/air-force-obituaries/6299837/Generalleutnant-Gnther-Rall.html (須有正確連結) : Generalleutnant Günther Rall, who has died aged 91, was one of the few : outstanding German fighter leaders to survive the Second World War; by the : end of the conflict he was the third-highest-scoring fighter ace of all time : with 275 aerial victories. 金特。拉爾91歲時與世長辭。他經歷過二次世界大戰，曾為德國少數的優秀戰鬥機駕員之一。二次世界大戰結束後，他以275次擊倒敵方戰鬥機的紀錄，成為歷史上第三名的戰鬥機飛行員。 : In postwar years he was one of the founding fathers of the modern German Air : Force and rose to become its chief. 二戰後，他成為德國現代空軍的創建人之一，並在軍隊中佔有一席之地。 : In the spring of 1941 Rall was a squadron commander in Jagdgeschwader : (fighter wing) JG-52 flying the Messerschmitt Bf 109 based in Romania. By : this time Germany and the Soviet Union were at war and Soviet bombers were : attacking the crucial oil refineries. In five days Rall and his men destroyed : some 50 Soviet bombers and were next sent to the southern sector of the : Eastern Front where Rall's victories mounted rapidly against the inferior : Soviet fighters and bombers. 1941年春季，拉爾還是一名德國Jagdgeschwader戰鬥機小隊的一名指揮官，他在羅馬尼服役。(大略翻一下，有夠難翻的)。此時，德國與蘇聯正處於交戰中，蘇聯的轟炸機正在攻擊德國重要的石油精煉廠。拉爾和同袍在五天裡，擊毀約50架蘇聯轟炸機，之後還被調往東線戰場的南方。在那兒，拉爾擊毀越來越多蘇聯戰鬥機及轟炸機，數量快速上升。 : After shooting down his 36th victim, Rall was attacked by an enemy fighter : and his aircraft badly damaged. He just managed to cross the German lines : before crash landing in a rock-strewn gully. He was severely wounded and : knocked unconscious but German tank crews dragged him clear. He eventually : reached a hospital in Vienna where it was found that he had broken his back : in three places. Here he was treated by a woman doctor, Hertha, who later : became his wife. 拉爾在擊墜地36架飛機後，被敵機擊中，他的飛機損毀得非常嚴重。他設法在飛機墜落嶙峋山谷之前，越過德國交界。他身負重傷，頭部受到重擊，無意識躺在地上。但德國坦克部隊的組員發現了他，並把他帶回。拉爾最後抵達維也納的一家醫院裡。他的背部斷成三節，被檢查出來。他在那裡接受一位女醫師的治療；這位女醫生的名字叫做"Hertha" ，之後成了拉爾的老婆。 : When Austria was annexed in 1938 Hertha had helped Jewish friends escape to : London, even as Nazi discrimination and anti-Semitic policy made their lives : intolerable. Indeed, while Rall was always a devoted soldier in the service : of his country, when the facts of the Holocaust were presented to him he came : to look on them as "the greatest madness of this insane war". 1938年，奧地利被德國佔領，納粹黨的種族歧視政策，還有反閃族政策，使得猶太人的小命受到威脅，Hertha醫生就曾在此時，幫助他的猶太人朋友逃離至倫敦。事實上，即便拉爾對他的國家忠心耿耿，他看到種族大屠殺的事件後，還是大罵了一句：「這是這場瘋狂戰爭中，最瘋狂的事情。」 : "We knew about Dachau, the concentration camps, but not exactly what happened : there," he later explained. "During the war I was hardly in Germany. The : airfields were on the front, we had no idea of what was happening behind our : backs. When I heard of Auschwitz, I did not believe it. We said clearly: : 'That's propaganda'." 「我們知道Dachau集中營，但我們不知道那裡究竟發生了什麼事情。」拉爾稍後說道：「二戰時，我人幾乎不在德國境內，空戰的戰場幾乎都在前線。我根本不知道在前線後方發生了什麼事情。當我聽到Auschwitz集中營，我不相信有這回事兒。我和同袍都說，那只是敵方的宣傳而已。」 : Having been paralysed for months Rall returned to operational duty in August : 1942. On September 3 he was decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Iron : Cross after his 65th victory. During the following month his score increased : beyond 100, bringing him the oak leaves for his Knight's Cross, the 134th : recipient of the coveted award. In November they were presented to him : personally by Hitler. Afterwards, as they sat together by the fire, Rall : asked Hitler: "Führer, how long will this war take?" Hitler replied: "My : dear Rall, I don't know." That surprised him. "I thought our leaders knew : everything," Rall recalled, "and suddenly I realised they didn't know : anything." 1942年，拉爾已在床上躺了幾個月。他於八月回役。9月3號，他因為打落第65架敵機獲頒國王鐵十字勳章。接下來幾個月，他的擊落數超過了一百，這讓他的十字勳章又加上了橡樹葉子，這獎項是許多人夢寐以求的，而拉爾則成了該獎的主人。11月份，希特勒親自頒獎給他。拉爾和希特勒並肩坐在火爐旁，拉爾問希特勒：「請問總理，這場戰爭會持續多久呢？」希特勒回答：「親愛的拉爾，我對此事一無所知。」希特勒的回答使拉爾感到相當震驚。「我以為我們的領導知道任何事情。」拉爾回憶那時候，說道：「我突然了解，他們什麼都不知道。」 : In April 1943 Rall was promoted to command III/JG-52. He was constantly in : action for the next 11 months. On August 29 he recorded his 200th victory on : his 555th operational flight and on September 12 he was again summoned to : Berlin when Hitler awarded him the Swords to his Knight's Cross, the 34th man : to be so honoured. Rall returned to operations and in October accounted for : another 40 aircraft – more than many of Germany's best pilots achieved : throughout the entire war. 1943年四月，拉爾被擢升為III/JG-52戰鬥機群的指揮官。他在接下來11個月不斷受命出勤。八月29號，他在第555次出勤時，打落地兩百架飛機。九月12日，他被召回柏林，接受希特勒頒獎，讓他的十字勳章鑲上兩把劍。他是第34個獲得此殊遇之人。他於十月回役，駕駛他的第40架戰鬥機，這數量比二戰中任何一位最優秀的德國飛行員還要多。 : As the war progressed, the obsolete Soviet fighters were steadily replaced by : others with far superior performance. Nevertheless, the great majority of : Rall's successes were in fighter-to-fighter combat. During his time on the : Eastern Front, Rall came up against many excellent Soviet pilots and was : himself shot down seven times. Finally, in April 1944, he returned to : Germany. 隨著戰爭進展，表現更好的蘇聯飛行員，以穩定的更換速率，取代了表現不佳的蘇聯飛行員。然而，拉爾打下的飛機，都是在戰鬥機空戰中被拉爾擊落的。他在東線戰場時，拉爾起身對抗許多優秀的蘇聯飛行員，自己也被擊中許多次。1944年4月，他終於返回德國了。 : The son of a merchant, Günther Rall was born on March 10 1918 in Gaggenau in : the Black Forest. When he was three, his family moved to Stuttgart where he : completed his education at the High School. On graduation in 1936 he joined : the Army to be an infantry officer and whilst at the Dresden Kriegsschule met : an old friend whose tales of flying convinced him that he should apply to be : a pilot. 拉爾身為商人之子，1918年3月10日出生於德國黑森林。三歲時，全家搬到司徒佳，拉爾在那裡完成高中學業。1936年畢業時，他加入了軍隊，成了一名步兵軍官。他在德國軍校受訓時，遇到了一位老朋友。這朋友與他說了點空軍的故事，讓拉爾認為，他應該成為一位飛行員。 : During the 1930s Rall had viewed the rise of Hitler with no particular : enthusiasm but, like many soldiers, approved of the way in which Hitler and : the National Socialists had ended decades of humiliation for German-speaking : people. 1930年，拉爾看到了希特勒的崛起。他對此沒有特別的熱情，然而，他像許多軍人一樣，肯定希特勒和國家社會黨人，讚美他們使德國人免於羞辱。 : "When Hitler became chancellor," Rall remembered, "there was no unemployment, : no more Rhineland occupation, no more reparations to the victors [of the : Great War]. That impressed us as young soldiers, no doubt about it." 「希特勒執政時，」拉爾回憶道：「沒有失業問題，萊茵河防線沒有其他國軍隊駐守，沒有戰後賠款。這些事情讓我們這些年輕軍人印象深刻，對此毫無疑問。」 : In 1939 Rall trained as a fighter pilot on a base east of Berlin and was : transferred to JG-52. Flying a Messerschmitt Bf 109, he saw his first air : combat in May 1940 during the Battle of France. On May 18 he shot down a : French Air Force Curtis Hawk fighter flown by a Czech sergeant who escaped by : parachute. With the fall of France, Rall's unit moved to Calais. 1939年，拉爾在東柏林的基地接受訓練，成了一位戰鬥機飛行員，並被調往JG-52 部隊，駕駛戰鬥機。1940年於法國，首次面臨空戰。5月8號，拉爾擊落了一架法國空軍戰鬥機。這架戰鬥機的駕駛員由一位捷克士官駕駛，他被擊中後藉著降落傘逃離戰場。靠這這場戰鬥，拉爾的單位被調到了法國卡萊爾。 : He flew throughout the Battle of Britain, when his unit was assigned to : escort Junkers Ju-87 Stukas (dive bombers), very slow-flying aircraft. The : fighters had to stick with them, giving up all of their superiority and : speed; the unit suffered heavy losses against the Spitfires and Hurricanes, : losing the group commander, the adjutant and all three squadron commanders in : a few weeks. Rall soon found himself rapidly promoted to squadron leader : before the unit was finally withdrawn in September to rebuild and train new : pilots. 拉爾曾在他的單位護送俯衝轟炸機(一種飛得極慢的飛機)時，飛過整個英國戰場。戰鬥機飛行員必須緊緊跟著轟炸機，放棄戰鬥機的優勢還有速度。暴風雨以及噴火式戰鬥機讓該單位損失慘重。幾個禮拜下來，指揮官、副官、還有另外3位小隊長接連喪生。 9月份，該單位被調離戰場，接受重整工作、訓練新的飛行員。在此之前，拉爾很快就被擢升為小隊長， : Rall was critical of the tactics used which made his valuable and capable : aircraft vulnerable to attack by fighters. He always spoke very highly of the : RAF. During a postwar interview he said: "In my experience, the RAF pilot was : the most aggressive and capable fighter pilot during the Second World War." : Once the squadron had been brought up to strength, it was transferred to : Romania to defend the oil refineries and bridges over the Danube during the : spring of 1941. After providing support for the German airborne assault on : Crete, Rall's unit hurried back to Romania following the outbreak of war with : the Soviet Union. 拉爾非常討厭這種戰術，因為這種戰術讓他價值甚高，效能極佳的戰鬥機容易遭受對方攻擊。他稱讚英國空軍戰鬥員。拉爾在戰後訪談時說到：「在我的經驗裡，二次大戰中，英國戰鬥機的駕駛員侵略性最強，而且駕駛員也很有能力。」拉爾的單位重建完成時，該單位於1941年春天就被派遣至羅馬尼亞，負責保護石油精煉廠，還有多瑙河上的橋樑。該單位也提供空中支援，攻擊希臘克列特島。後來，德蘇戰爭爆發，該單位又火速返回羅馬尼亞。 : After returning from the Eastern Front, Rall was made Gruppenkommadeur of : II/JG-11, flying Bf 109s on homeland defence duties, primarily against the : high-flying daylight bomber forces and their escorting fighters of the USAAF : 8th Air Force. On May 12 1944 he attacked a large formation and shot down two : USAAF P-47 Thunderbolts, but was then himself shot down. He was severely : wounded in the hand but managed to bail out over Frankfurt. His wound became : badly infected and he remained in hospital for six months. 拉爾返回東線戰場前線，被指派為Gruppenkommadeur(不知道什麼意思，該死)，負責保衛國土安全，對抗白天的高空轟炸機，以及轟炸機的護送機群。1944年5月12日，拉爾攻擊一組龐大的機群，擊毀兩架霹靂火戰鬥機，但自己也被射了下來。他手部受重傷，但仍設法越過法蘭克福。他的傷口受到嚴重感染，在醫院待了六個月。 : Because he was deemed too precious for the morale of the people, and could : not fire his guns because of a missing thumb, he was kept from combat. Rall : became an instructor, and studied several American planes that had fallen : into the possession of the Luftwaffe to find their strengths and weaknesses : and to develop better tactics to teach his students. He flew the P-51 and was : amazed at the luxury and quality of the American planes. He once explained : that being unable to fly in combat probably saved his life at a time when : Germany was totally outnumbered and the chances of staying alive were : drastically reduced. But he returned to active duty in November. 長官認為拉爾對於提振人民的士氣非常重要，而且拉爾也不能開槍－因為他少了一隻大拇指，拉爾因此被調離戰場。他成了一名講師，研究了許多美國空軍的飛機(這些飛機為德國空軍所獲)，找出它們的優點與缺點，並發展出更好的戰略方式，教導他的學員。他曾試飛過美國P-51戰機，對於美國飛機的豪華程度與品質感到震驚。他曾接說過，要不是他手指斷掉不能飛行，在盟軍飛機數量遠多於德國非機數量時，參加空戰，他搞不好很難在戰場上活著。然而，他在11月時，仍返回部隊服務。 : Rall's last command was as the leader of JG-300 and on arrival at the unit's : airfield he was forced to dive into a ditch as USAAF fighters strafed the : line up of Bf 109s – 15 were left burning. The Luftwaffe was in retreat and : he flew his final operations from Salzburg. During this time he flew the : Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter but never in combat. He and his : inexperienced pilots flew whenever Rall could commandeer fuel. There was no : organised air defence system, intelligence on Allied movements was negligible : and Rall led his pilots against targets of opportunity. 拉爾最後指揮著JG-300戰鬥機群。他曾在該單位的空戰場中，被迫潛進壕溝內，以躲避敵方戰鬥員掃射我方的戰鬥機。這場戰鬥中，15架飛機燃燒損毀。當德國空軍開始撤退時，他駕駛飛機，從薩爾斯堡起飛，這是他最後一次執行他的任務。這段時間，他駕駛著 Messerschmitt Me 262噴射戰鬥機，但從未加入戰鬥。只要拉爾可以要到燃料，他和他生澀的同袍就會飛下去。空軍防禦系統那時雜亂無章，部隊聯合行動的情報幾乎可以視而不見。而拉爾，就冒著被擊中的風險，領著他的同袍執行任務。 : He flew his 621st and final mission at the end of April. Towards the very : last days of the war he asked the men in his command to try to stay alive : rather than get involved in senseless actions. He felt it was his : responsibility as a leader to try to save the few lives that he could as the : war was virtually over and its outcome could not be reversed. A few days : later he was captured by the Americans. 四月底，他的任務終於結束了。在戰爭最後幾天，他以命令方式，要求自己的下屬，保護好自己性命，不要介入沒有意義的戰鬥中。他認為這是他身為領導者的責任，儘可能在戰爭幾乎結束、不可逆轉之時，保護幾條生命。幾天後，他被美軍俘虜了。 : Rall flew against all the major Allied fighters and had a high regard for the : Spitfire and the Russian Lavochkin 7, which appeared on the scene as he was : leaving the Eastern Front, but he always considered the USAAF's P-51 Mustang : to be supreme. 拉爾跟所有的聯盟戰鬥機飛行員戰鬥過，對於霹靂火戰機及俄國的Lavochkin 7抱持很高的評價。那些戰鬥機在他離開東線戰場前線時，仍出現在他眼前。即便如此，他認為自己國的戰鬥機，仍是最好的。 : By any standard, Rall's achievements during the Second World War were : outstanding and attracted great admiration from his former adversaries. An : American aviation historian of the Smithsonian Institute commented: "He : occupies a special niche among the celebrated military pilots of the : twentieth century." 不論用任何標準來看，拉爾在二戰的功績都是十分出眾的，他之前的對手也對他讚譽有加。史密森尼博物館的美國航空歷史學家，就曾經評論：「在20世紀所有出名的飛行員中，他佔據了獨一無二的位置。」 : Yet Rall never considered himself a hero. "We fought for our country and to : stay alive," he reflected. "We did not think about the personal nature of : killing in the air. We were proud of every victory in the air, and : particularly happy that we had not been hit ourselves. Of course, I tell : myself in quiet moments today: 'You've killed. In order to protect others and : not be killed yourself.' But in the end: for what? The Third Reich trained : 30,000 pilots. Ten thousand survived the war. One-third. This is the highest : loss rate along with the U-boat sailors." 拉爾從不認為他自己是個英雄。「我們為自己國家打仗，還活了下來，」他經過一番自省後說道：「我從未想過自己會喜歡在天空殺來殺去。我們對於每場勝利的空戰感到十分驕傲，我們也十分高興，自己沒被擊下，當然，我也在今天這平靜的時刻告訴我自己：你殺人，是為了保護他人，保護自己不被殺掉。但最後，我問自己：你究竟為什麼，才這樣做；德意志第三帝國訓練了三萬名飛行員，一萬名飛行員活了下來，佔了所有飛行員的三分之ㄧ。這死亡率十分的高，跟U型潛水艇差不多了。」 : Returning to post-war Germany, Rall was unable to find work. He started a : small wood cutting business in the forest and eventually joined Siemens as a : representative, leaving in 1953. After meeting a wartime friend and Luftwaffe : pilot he joined the new Luftwaffe der Bundeswehr after the re-militarisation : of West Germany in 1955. He converted to jet fighters before becoming the : project officer for the introduction of the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, which : became the German air force's main operational fighter until 1980. Among many : modifications he insisted upon, which led to the F-104G version, was the : replacement of the American ejection seat with the British Martin Baker seat. 拉爾回到戰後的德國後，找不到工作。他開始在森林裡面，經營小型的伐木廠，此後又成為了西門子的代表，於1953年離開這家伐木廠。他與戰友會面，也拜訪了德國空軍的飛行員。西德於1955年又因動員開始重建軍隊，拉爾此時就加入了空軍。他此時改駕駛噴射式戰鬥機。後來，他成為一名軍官，引進Lockheed F-104 Starfighter戰鬥機，這種戰鬥機在1980年之前，都是德國空軍的主力。他在許多改善空軍的政策中，堅持更換美國的彈射座椅，改用英國的馬丁貝克(British Martin Baker seat)座椅。 : Rall became the Chief of Staff of Nato's 4th Allied Tactical Air Force and : after serving as the Inspector General of the Luftwaffe he was appointed the : Chief of Air Staff, a post he held for three years. For two years he was the : German military representative at Nato headquarters before retiring in 1975. : In retirement Rall established firm friendships with his former British and : American adversaries and made many visits to each country. A greatly : respected, charming and modest man, he was in regular demand as a lecturer : and attended many functions to sign books and aviation art. He was still : fulfilling engagements until shortly before his death on October 4. 拉爾成為第四屆北約聯合戰略空軍的主席。他在空軍擔任測量官之後，被任命為空軍委員會的主席，他擔任此職位三年。1975年退伍前，他的職位是德國於北約總部軍事代表。退伍後，拉爾拜訪許多與他打過仗的英國及美國飛行員，與他們建立深厚的友誼。拉爾是一位值得崇敬、有魅力、溫和的男人。他時常應邀出席演講，參與許多集會簽書、探討飛行駕駛藝術。他在10月4號死前，才剛與會完。 : In 2004 he wrote his memoir, Mein Flugbuch (My Flightbook). He was an : honorary fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots. 2004年，拉爾撰寫了回憶錄，書名：我的飛行手札。他身為飛行員的前鋒，在這個圈子裡，是值得尊敬的一位人物。 : Gunther Rall's wife, Hertha, died in 1985. He is survived by their two : daughters. 拉爾的老婆Hertah，死於1985年。拉爾死後留下兩名女兒。 (不負責任翻譯結束XDDDDD) -- -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 114.43.12.87 ※ 編輯: Nilo 來自: 114.43.12.87 (10/14 20:41)

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allergy

10/14 20:27, , 1^F

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※ 編輯: Nilo 來自: 114.43.12.87 (10/14 20:51) ※ 編輯: Nilo 來自: 114.43.12.87 (10/14 21:23)

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10/14 21:19, , 2^F

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※ 編輯: Nilo 來自: 114.43.12.87 (10/14 21:26) ※ 編輯: Nilo 來自: 114.43.12.87 (10/14 21:28)

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