Re: [題目] 國際學村Readings P.66 第13題
建議你可以先從 "barring" 開始比較。
barring: except for; unless there is/are
[EX] Barring accidents, we should arrive on time.
(Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary)
barring: other than (someone or something), except
[EX] No one, barring the magician himself, knows how the trick is done.
(Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary)
所以這題開頭可寫成 "Unless there are any changes …." 或 "Barring any changes
…." 或 "Except for any changes …."。
(A) 的 "except" 可以進一步討論，主要因為 "except" 和 "except for" 的習慣位置
[1] [2]。不過，這並不代表 "except" 絕對不放在句首。就搭配來說， "except" 與介
係詞 (特別是in) [3]，與 "when" [4]，還有 "that"[5] 都是常用搭配，不論是否放在
句首。(我舉出句首的例子，是為了突顯搭配的重要)。
另外， "except" 有「群體之內不適用」的涵意； "except for" 則有「使敘述不完全真
實(不屬於群體)」的涵意 [6]。以你的題目來說， "changes"本質上是不屬於 "proposal"
的一部分，所以用 "except"是不恰當的。
[1] 在現代英文中， "except" 一般不放再句首，放在句首時應用 "except for"。
Except for a forkful of salad, he did not eat a thing.
(英文常用同義詞近義詞變析詞典, p.58, 東華大學出版社)
[2] Except for a romance with actress Sonia Braga, whom he directed in The
Milagro Beanfield War (1988), his private life has seldom drawn the
spotlight.
(Time, 2001/11/19)
[3] Except in this case, the kid is 50 years old, and the " microscope " is his
fast-growing, unlikely cable empire, Discovery Communications.
(Time, 2003/02/23)
[4] Except when marriages were broken by the sale of one spouse, the clear
tendency was for stable, long-lasting slave marriages.
(Time, 1976/11/22)
[5] This is a story of glasses, not nearly empty, not quite full. Except that
the glasses are the children of divorce -- a million new ones each year in
the U.S.
(Time, 2002/01/28)
[6] You use "except" to introduce the only thing, person, or group
that your main statement des not apply to.
[EX] Anything, except water, is likely to block a sink.
(water 原屬於Anything 的一部分，只是被排除在外而已。)
[EX] All the bys except Peter started to giggle.
(Peter 是其中一分子，只是他沒跟其他人一起做同樣的事。)
You use "except for" in front of a noun group when you are mentioning something
that prevents a stament from being completely true.
[EX] The classroom was silent, except for the busy scratching of pens
on paper.
(這裡筆寫在紙上發出的聲音，本來就不屬於教室。)
[EX] The room was very cold and, except for Morris, entirely empty.
(Morris是人，不屬於這個房間。)
(Collins Cobuild English Usage, pp.231~232)
希望以上的回答對你有幫助 :)
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