Re: [情報] 齊東梗歐史整理
這篇文只是針對小廖的整理了一些雞毛蒜皮的更動:
1. 我把各個術語的大小寫整理了一下
2. 兩個scholasticism的詞條我放到同一處
3. 是skepticism不是skeptism喔!
最後, 還是要感謝大方的小廖啊~~~
Terms for European Literature 1 Midterm
--organized by Little Liao, from online dictionaries
Renaissance
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th through
the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later
spreading to the rest of Europe. (From 1350 when Petrarch started working ~
1648 the peace of Westphalia, the end of the 30 years war.) It encompassed
the revival of learning based on classical antiquity, the rise of courtly and
papal patronage, the development of perspective in painting, and advancements
in science.
irony
Irony refers to the effect of language created when the intended meaning is
the opposite of what is stated.
dramatic irony
in a situation in which there is an incongruity between what is expected and
what occurs; a plot device in which the audience’s or reader’s knowledge of
events or individuals surpasses that of the characters.
tragic irony
language device, either in spoken or written form in which the real meaning
is concealed or contradicted by the literal meanings of the words (verbal
irony)(dramatic irony).
scholasticism
--Scholasticism originally began to reconcile the philosophy of the ancient
classical philosophers with medieval Christian theology. It is not a
philosophy or theology in itself, but a tool and method for learning which
puts emphasis on dialectical reasoning. The primary purpose of scholasticism
was to find the answer to a question or resolve a contradiction. It is most
well known in its application in medieval theology, but was eventually
applied to classical philosophy and many other fields of study.
--philosophy of the Middle Ages that sought to provide a rational basis for
religious faith by reexamining the works of ancient Greek philosophers
--A system of philosophy, based on religious principles and writing, that was
taught in universities in the Middle Ages.
patronage
The support, encouragement, privilege and often financial aid given by a
person or an organization
troubadour
A troubadour was a composer and performer of songs during the High Middle
Ages in Europe.
feudalism
political and social system of medieval Europe in which vassals were
protected by lords whom they served in times of war
oxymoron
expression composed of combined contrasts (e.g. "thunderous silence")
antithesis
the rhetorical contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words,
clauses, or sentences (as in “action, not words” or “they promised freedom
and provided slavery”)
narcissism
exaggerated self-love
topoi
a traditional or conventional literary or rhetorical theme or topic
synechdoche
a figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole
metaphor
Metaphor is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects. In
the simplest case, this takes the form: "The [first subject] is a [second
subject]." More generally, a metaphor is a rhetorical trope that describes a
first subject as being or equal to a second subject in some way.
humanism
Humanism is a philosophy placing faith in the dignity of humankind and
rejecti\
ng the medieval perception of the weak, fallen individual.
indulgences
buying partial remission of punishment
simony
act of buying or selling ecclesiastical services
encomium
a formal expression of praise
>> mock encomium praise something that is not worth praising
mock epic
Juxtaposition of the high and low; Incongruity between form and content
sententious commentary, pretentious kinds of language
satire
a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn
protestant
a Christian not of a Catholic or Eastern church
idolatry
worship of any cult image, idea, or object, as opposed to the worship of a
God.
Rabelaisian humor
Humor that blends lofty and low, elegant and grotesque, erudite and physical
burlesque
Comic imitation of a serious literary or artistic form that relies on an
extravagant incongruity between a subject and its treatment
plot
State– Action – State’, where Actions can be broken down into innumerable
sub-stages
fabula or histoire
The events of a story; the story itself
sjuzhet or recit
The ordering of the story
teleology
A theory that events and developments are meant to achieve a purpose and
happen because of that
essay
an analytic, interpretative, or critical literary composition usually much
shorter and less systematic and formal than a dissertation or thesis and
usually dealing with its subject from a limited and often personal point of
view.
Hellenistic period
Hellenistic period refers to the breakdown of the Greek city state system in
the wave of Alexander’s conquest and the spread of Greek culture throughout
the Mediterranean region.
Stoicism
The denigration of emotion and bodily pleasure, the emphasis on reason and
logic; virtue is necessary and sufficient for happiness.
Epicureanism
Epicureanism is a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of Epicurus
Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to seek modest pleasures in
order to attain a state of tranquility and freedom from fear (ataraxia) as
well as absence of bodily pain (aponia) through knowledge of the workings of
the world and the limits of our desires.
hedonism
Hedonism is the extreme of Epicureanism that pleasure is the most important
pursuit of mankind.
skepticism
The ides that there is no basis for belief, no criterion of truth
cynicism
Aggressive destruction of all conventional meaning and truth; perfected form
of stoics on self-sufficiency
cultural relativism
Cultural relativism is the principle that ones beliefs and activities should
be interpreted in terms of ones own culture.
1327 Petrarch met Laura
1348-1350 the Black Death
1453 Constantinople falls to the Turks
1517 Luther’s 95Theses>>Begins the Reformation
1542 the Sacred Congregation of the Inquisition is formed
1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
1598 Henry IV declared the Edict of Nantes, which established tolerance of
Protestantism in France and really ended the Religious Warring period.
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