Re: [研究法] 10/9第一組報告問題(chap. 6)
健康政策研究法 10/9 報告
Bowling CH5 The philosophical framework of measurement
CH6 The principles of research
本組組員：于婷、艦元、韻如、乃方。
第五章由于婷艦元負責，第六章前半由韻如乃方負責。
問題一：Please list some important points that could undertake
a critical appraisal of literature (at least 3 questions).
解答：講義內有一張表格box 6.1 (page 137)，只要任舉出三點即可。
問題二：How to propose a hypothesis?
解答：假說就是研究者有興趣且希望透過研究而能獲得驗證的部份，
假說的提出需要理論作為背景基礎再推想或延伸，因此不是隨便的猜想。
假說中包含了依變項與自變項，並說明他們之間的關係為何。
我們想要驗證的假說就稱為對立假說，相反的則是虛無假說。
其餘問題將陸續補上，有疑問者可推文，謝謝。
請大家告訴大家~~~~
問題三：
There are three samples about deduction and induction. Please write down the
right answer for each question.
1. All throughout history people repeat the same mistakes,
so we can conclude that mistakes will be made in the future.
ANS: INDUCTION. The conclusion does not follow with absolute certainty.
2. The whale is a mammal, so all killer whales are mammals.
ANS: DEDUCTION. With the implicit premiss that killer whales are whales,
the conclusion follows with absolute certainty.
3. All killer whales are mammals, so the whale is a mammal.
ANS: INDUCTION. As the argument stands, the conclusion is only probable.
問題四:Popper accepted Hume’s argument, and what did he further propose?
Ans: He propsed that knowledge accumulates only by the falsification of
hypotheses, while rejecting the abandonment of causuality.
問題五: What are the various levels of data?
Ans: Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio.
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