Re: 請問一下
※ 引述《supermarx (前呼後擁活逮主詞)》之銘言：
: 不好意思各位，我想要問一個很笨的問題..
: 馬克思在其著作裡，哪一本有詳盡其較多的「階級」觀念，
: 不用特別去定義（馬克思是否也沒有清楚定義過階級是什麼？）
: 是不是在共產主義宣言裡有提到無產階級與資本階級的關係？
: 換句話說，馬克思定義的階級我們到底要如何說明比較清楚？
: 又是在其哪本著作裡呢？
: 謝謝～～
這些專有名詞，可以到http://marxists.org/glossary/ 查詢
還頗為方便
以下是引自該網站
Class
A group of people sharing common relations to labor and the means of
production.
"In the process of production, human beings work not only upon nature,
but also upon one another. They produce only by working together in a
specified manner and reciprocally exchanging their activities. In order to
produce, they enter into definite connections and relations to one another,
and only within these social connections and relations does their influence
upon nature operate — i.e., does production take place.
"These social relations between the producers, and the conditions under
which they exchange their activities and share in the total act of production,
will naturally vary according to the character of the means of production.
(Karl Marx Wage Labour and Capital Chpt. 5: The Nature and Growth of Capital)
The notion of class, as it is used by Marxists, differs radically from the
notion of class as used in bourgeois social theory. According to modern
capitalist thinking, class is an abstract universal defined by the common
attributes of its members (i.e., all who make less than $20,000 a year
constitute a "lower" class); categories and conceptions that have an
existence prior to and independent of the people who make up the class.
For dialectical materialism however, the notion of class includes the
development of collective consciousness in a class — arising from
the material basis of having in common relations to the labour process
and the means of production.
黃色加重部分自我加上去的，理解階級的關鍵就是關係。
如果對照與引文所說的市民社會理論，就可以很楚地知道：
馬克思主義所說的階級是依據人與生產工具和人與人的關係
所決定的。而市民社會理論界定"階級"的判準則是先驗於個人
的獨立存在物，例如以所得決定不同的階級，或者是以歲數
來決定(六年級或七年級！？)。
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