Re: [爆卦] 川普證實武漢肺炎與武漢實驗室相關聯

看板Gossiping作者BaoLiao5566 (包先生)時間4年前 (2020/05/01 12:05)推噓3(5推 2噓 10→)

留言17則, 13人參與討論串3/4 (看更多)

小弟今天看到一篇 Newsweek 的新聞各位看完再跟我講這是不是巧合川普說他有看到證據，不知是不是指以下這些.. 先講結論：中共病毒極有可能是美國開始的研究項目，並交由中國武漢實驗室負責執行，結果病毒不幸外洩。惡靈古堡都演給你看惹Ｒ只能說不做死就不會死.... DR. FAUCI BACKED CONTROVERSIAL WUHAN LAB WITH MILLIONS OF U.S. DOLLARS FOR RISKY CORONAVIRUS RESEARCH 佛奇博士透過數百萬美金的研究贊助支持具爭議性的武漢實驗室進行高風險的冠狀病毒研究 https://reurl.cc/9Ev6gd Dr. Anthony Fauci is an adviser to President Donald Trump and something of an American folk hero for his steady, calm leadership during the pandemic crisis. At least one poll shows that Americans trust Fauci more than Trump on the coronavirus pandemic—and few scientists are portrayed on TV by Brad Pitt. 佛奇博士很威，支持度比我川高，連布萊德彼特都演他。 But just last year, the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the organization led by Dr. Fauci, funded scientists at the Wuhan Institute of Virology and other institutions for work on gain-of-function research on bat coronaviruses. 但他領導的美國國家過敏和傳染病研究所（NIAID），到去年還在贊助武漢病毒研究所從事關於蝙蝠冠狀病毒「增強功能」（gain-of-function）的研究。 In 2019, with the backing of NIAID, the National Institutes of Health committed $3.7 million over six years for research that included some gain-of-function work. The program followed another $3.7 million, 5-year project for collecting and studying bat coronaviruses, which ended in 2019, bringing the total to $7.4 million. 在 2019 年，美國衛生研究院（NIH）提撥 6 年共 370 萬美金進行了包含增強功能的研究。這計畫是緊接著另一個之前的 5 年共 370 萬美金的蝙蝠冠狀病毒的計畫，兩計畫加起來預算是 740 萬美金。 Many scientists have criticized gain of function research, which involves manipulating viruses in the lab to explore their potential for infecting humans, because it creates a risk of starting a pandemic from accidental release. 許多科學家批評增強功能的研究，因為那牽涉到在實驗室操縱病毒來探討感染人類的可能性，從而製造了病毒意外外洩引發全球疫情大流行的風險。 SARS-CoV-2 , the virus now causing a global pandemic, is believed to have originated in bats. U.S. intelligence, after originally asserting that the coronavirus had occurred naturally, conceded last month that the pandemic may have originated in a leak from the Wuhan lab. (At this point most scientists say it's possible—but not likely—that the pandemic virus was engineered or manipulated.) 中共病毒被認為是從蝙蝠來的。美國情報單位原本主張該冠狀病毒是自然產生的，上月已經承認病毒也有可能是從武漢實驗室外洩出來的（目前大部分科學家只是認為中共病毒有可能是魔改而來的，但不太可能） Dr. Fauci did not respond to Newsweek's requests for comment. NIH responded with a statement that said in part: "Most emerging human viruses come from wildlife, and these represent a significant threat to public health and biosecurity in the US and globally, as demonstrated by the SARS epidemic of 2002-03, and the current COVID-19 pandemic.... scientific research indicates that there is no evidence that suggests the virus was created in a laboratory." 佛奇沒回應，NIH 回復新聞週刊說：「（簡單講）沒有證據證明病毒是從實驗室製造出來的。」（按：之前某幾個單位不是也說沒證據病毒會人傳人....） The NIH research consisted of two parts. The first part began in 2014 and involved surveillance of bat coronaviruses, and had a budget of $3.7 million. The program funded Shi Zheng-Li, a virologist at the Wuhan lab, and other researchers to investigate and catalogue bat coronaviruses in the wild. This part of the project was completed in 2019. NIH 從 2014 年開始的第一階段的計畫包括了蝙蝠冠狀病毒的監測，是贊助石正麗。第一階段計畫 2019 年結束（註）。 A second phase of the project, beginning that year, included additional surveillance work but also gain-of-function research for the purpose of understanding how bat coronaviruses could mutate to attack humans. The project was run by EcoHealth Alliance, a non-profit research group, under the direction of President Peter Daszak, an expert on disease ecology. NIH canceled the project just this past Friday, April 24th, Politico reported. Daszak did not immediately respond to Newsweek requests for comment. 同年開始的第二階段計畫，除了繼續監測病毒外，還包括增強功能的研究，為了瞭解蝙蝠冠狀病毒如何突變來攻擊人類。NIH 一直到 4 月 24 日才終止了此項研究。 The project proposal states: "We will use S protein sequence data, infectious clone technology, in vitro and in vivo infection experiments and analysis of receptor binding to test the hypothesis that % divergence thresholds in S protein sequences predict spillover potential." 這項計畫的大綱是：「我們將會使用 S 蛋白的序列資料、具傳染力的複製技術、體外及活體感染實驗、以及受體結合分析，來測試關於多少百分比的基因變異可讓 S 蛋白序列跨界感染到人體（spillover potential）的假說。」 In layman's terms, "spillover potential" refers to the ability of a virus to jump from animals to humans, which requires that the virus be able to attach to receptors in the cells of humans. SARS-CoV-2, for instance, is adept at binding to the ACE2 receptor in human lungs and other organs. 白話文說法，spillover potential 就是病毒可從動物傳染到人類身上的能力，而這需要病毒有能力依附在人體細胞內的受體。以中共病毒為例，就是可跟人類肺部及其他器官內的 ACE2 受體結合的老司機。 According to Richard Ebright, an infectious disease expert at Rutgers University, the project description refers to experiments that would enhance the ability of bat coronavirus to infect human cells and laboratory animals using techniques of genetic engineering. In the wake of the pandemic, that is a noteworthy detail. 專家表示，這項研究的描述就代表要透過基因工程進行增強蝙蝠冠狀病毒傳染到人類細胞及實驗室動物的能力。 Ebright, along with many other scientists, has been a vocal opponent of gain-of-function research because of the risk it presents of creating a pandemic through accidental release from a lab. Dr. Fauci is renowned for his work on the HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1990s. Born in Brooklyn, he graduated first in his class from Cornell University Medical College in 1966. As head of NIAID since 1984, he has served as an adviser to every U.S. president since Ronald Reagan. 佛奇在 1990 年從事愛滋病研究時就很有名了。他從 1984 就是 NIAID 的頭，那時是雷根總統主政，每任美國總統都會諮詢他。 A decade ago, during a controversy over gain-of-function research on bird-flu viruses, Dr. Fauci played an important role in promoting the work. He argued that the research was worth the risk it entailed because it enables scientists to make preparations, such as investigating possible anti-viral medications, that could be useful if and when a pandemic occurred. 十年前，佛奇曾支持一項研究禽流感的增強功能研究。他主張該研究可以讓科學家及早做準備，例如研究可能的疫苗。 The work in question was a type of gain-of-function research that involved taking wild viruses and passing them through live animals until they mutate into a form that could pose a pandemic threat. Scientists used it to take a virus that was poorly transmitted among humans and make it into one that was highly transmissible—a hallmark of a pandemic virus. This work was done by infecting a series of ferrets, allowing the virus to mutate until a ferret that hadn't been deliberately infected contracted the disease. 該增強功能的研究就是讓野生病毒傳染到活體動物身上，直到病毒突變成到一種可能造成全球大流行的狀態。病毒一開始傳染力不強，但經過不斷突變，最後就會變成具有高度傳染性的全球流行病毒。該研究是藉由讓雪貂被病毒傳染，經過病毒不斷突變，最後沒被人工傳染的雪貂也會中標。 The work entailed risks that worried even seasoned researchers. More than 200 scientists called for the work to be halted. The problem, they said, is that it increased the likelihood that a pandemic would occur through a laboratory accident. 超過兩百位科學家強烈呼籲該計畫喊停，因為當實驗室發生意外，全球大流行病就很有可能發生。 Dr. Fauci defended the work. "[D]etermining the molecular Achilles' heel of these viruses can allow scientists to identify novel antiviral drug targets that could be used to prevent infection in those at risk or to better treat those who become infected," wrote Fauci and two co-authors in the Washington Post on December 30, 2011. "Decades of experience tells us that disseminating information gained through biomedical research to legitimate scientists and health officials provides a critical foundation for generating appropriate countermeasures and, ultimately, protecting the public health." 如前所述，在 2011 年，佛奇是為該項研究辯護的。「數十年來的經驗告訴我們這種研究可讓我們及早建立反制措施，最後促進公共衛生。」 Nevertheless, in 2014, under pressure from the Obama administration, the National of Institutes of Health instituted a moratorium on the work, suspending 21 studies. 然而在 2014 年，在歐巴馬政府施壓下，NIH 發布一道暫停命令，將 21 項相關研究終止。 Three years later, though—in December 2017—the NIH ended the moratorium and the second phase of the NIAID project, which included the gain-of-function research, began. The NIH established a framework for determining how the research would go forward: scientists have to get approval from a panel of experts, who would decide whether the risks were justified. 然而在三年後的 2017 年 12 月，NIH 取消了命令，然後前述的第二階段包含增強功能研究的計畫就開始了。NIH 有一套 SOP 審查研究的風險。 The reviews were indeed conducted—but in secret, for which the NIH has drawn criticism. In early 2019, after a reporter for Science magazine discovered that the NIH had approved two influenza research projects that used gain of function methods, scientists who oppose this kind of research excoriated the NIH in an editorial in the Washington Post. 這些審查雖然有做，但都被馬賽克了。2019 年年初，﹝科學］雜誌一個記者發現 NIH 已經同意了兩項關於流感增強功能的研究。反對這種研究的科學家在華盛頓郵報上狂電了 NIH。 "We have serious doubts about whether these experiments should be conducted at all," wrote Tom Inglesby of Johns Hopkins University and Marc Lipsitch of Harvard. "[W]ith deliberations kept behind closed doors, none of us will have the opportunity to understand how the government arrived at these decisions or to judge the rigor and integrity of that process." 「我們嚴重懷疑這些研究到底該不該進行。你整個審核都關起門來，其他人根本無法知道政府批准這些研究到底有沒有問題。」 --- 註：有人在新聞底下回應提供第一階段研究的大綱，說第一階段研究不只是偵測而已，還包括魔改。我去把 grant 網址找出來，這裡我懶得翻了，只標重點，內容有點驚悚就是惹。 https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-AI110964-03 "This project will examine the risk of future coronavirus (CoV) emergence from wildlife using in-depth field investigations across the human-wildlife interface in China, molecular characterization of novel CoVs and host receptor binding domain genes, mathematical models of transmission and evolution, and in vitro and in vivo laboratory studies of host range. Zoonotic CoVs are a significant threat to global health, as demonstrated with the emergence of pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in China in 2002, and the recent and ongoing emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV). Bats appear to be the natural reservoir of these viruses, and hundreds of novel bat-CoVs have been discovered in the last two decades. Bats, and other wildlife species, are hunted, traded, butchered and consumed across Asia, creating a large scale human-wildlife interface, and high risk of future emergence of novel CoVs. This project aims to understand what factors increase the risk of the next CoV emerging in people by studying CoV diversity in a critical zoonotic reservoir (bats), at sites of high risk for emergence (wildlife markets) in an emerging disease hotspot (China). The three specific aims of this project are to: 1. Assess CoV spillover potential at high risk human-wildlife interfaces in China. This will include quantifying he nature and frequency of contact people have with bats and other wildlife; serological and molecular screening of people working in wet markets and highly exposed to wildlife; screening wild-caught and market sampled bats from 30+ species for CoVs using molecular assays; and genomic characterization and isolation of novel CoVs. 2. Develop predictive models of bat CoV emergence risk and host range. A combined modeling approach will include phylogenetic analyses of host receptors and novel CoV genes (including functional receptor binding domains); a fused ecological and evolutionary model to predict host-range and viral sharing; and mathematical matrix models to examine evolutionary and transmission dynamics. 3. Test predictions of CoV inter-species transmission. Predictive models of host range (i.e. emergence potential) will be tested experimentally using reverse genetics, pseudovirus and receptor binding assays, and virus infection experiments across a range of cell cultures from different species and humanized mice." -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 89.187.182.6 (美國) ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1588305929.A.535.html

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kyowinner

05/01 12:07, 4年前 , 1^F

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yannjiunlin

05/01 12:08, 4年前 , 2^F

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改原文譯法惹～佛奇比較不會看錯～

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tw15

05/01 12:09, 4年前 , 3^F