[文法] 文法歧義一問
At the funeral there were a dozen women who wept passionate tears,
including the wife of the janitor who had murdered him
這句話顯然是暗示話中的him相當有女人緣且風流,
故而,就常理判斷,把him謀殺掉的應該就是這位門房(janitor),
似乎是因為門房的妻子與him有著不正當的關係。
但,如果純就文法上來說,
是不是也有另一種解釋的可能:
the wife ( modifier ) who had murdered him
換言之,說成是那位門房的妻子殺了him也通?
這裡我是指純就文法上的可能性而言,先不管是否合常識。
(其實也不無可能是另一種情殺:該女因嫉妒而殺該男?
當然兇手是否還能到葬禮上灑淚那又得另有一番解釋了。)
再,
這段文字因為只是作者閒閒提及的一個插曲,
所以沒有前後文了。
多少只是當作笑料隨手一筆而已。
而我的問題主要也只是對文法上的可能性發問。
感謝了!
--
Looked at from afar, appears to be hopelessly wrong may contain
excellent ingredients and that its excellence may remain unrevealed
to those guided by strict methodological rules. Always remember that
my examples do not criticize science; they criticize those who want
to subject it to their simpleminded rules ……
Paul Feyerabend
--
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※ 文章網址: http://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Eng-Class/M.1417698288.A.819.html
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這樣看來單純這句話又有第三種可能解釋!真妙!XD
雖說就他前文來看這個解釋似乎不太對啦。似乎……
(我說沒前後文是錯的,抱歉!他有前文,但後面不再提這故事了。)
前文:
There was another chap, a Hindu named Guptal……
One day he was found naked, his throat slit from ear to ear,
and beside him on the bed was his flute.
看起來這種敘事模式似乎這位被殺的 Guptal 應該不是那位門房?
不過確實,若單就文法解釋,單就我先前所引出的該句而言,
說是門房的妻子殺了門房似乎也通。
這句還真是充滿 ambiguities 的妙句!
※ 編輯: khara (1.160.9.157), 12/04/2014 23:13:04
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原來如此!
先行詞的距離還是佔了一個因素:janitor 畢竟直接接著後方子句。
感謝 l10nel 板友! :)
※ 編輯: khara (1.160.32.216), 12/05/2014 04:29:53
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也感謝 dunchee的說明!:)
雖說原書並非偵探小說,
不過這一小段還真有發展成偵探小說的潛力啊!XDDD
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所以這句似乎還真的是複雜……
關係子句不簡單啊!
我再看看關於限定性關係的討論串。 :)
※ 編輯: khara (1.160.27.27), 12/05/2014 07:38:42
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全部相關段落就這樣囉:
There was another chap, a Hindu named Guptal. He was not only a model of good
behavior — he was a saint. He had a passion for the flute which he played all
by himself in his miserable little room. One day he was found naked, his throat
slit from ear to ear, and beside him on the bed was his flute. At the funeral
there were a dozen women who wept passionate tears, including the wife of the
janitor who had murdered him. I could write a book about this young man who was
the gentlest and the holiest man I ever met, who had never offended anybody and
never taken anything from anybody, but who had made the cardinal mistake of
coming to America to spread peace and love.
這裡作者回憶這個 Guptal先生,用的語調是戲謔的。(雖說裝得好像很認真的樣子)
大概寫時也只是信手寫來?
倒是搜尋 relative clause attachment ambiguity 找到這篇
http://ppt.cc/~4d9
看得不是很懂,但他的說法似乎是:
當 NP1 與 NP2 都有可能被關係子句修飾時,
似乎是英語母語者傾向認同修飾對象是後方那個?
但若文法關係清楚,例如單複數關係很清楚,則其實未必與前後方有關:
他後面舉的例:
N1 Attachment:
The guide described the painting of the castles that was owned by the tycoon.
導遊敘述了那位大亨所擁有的那幅關於那些城堡的畫。
畫是單數,與 that 一致,所以被擁有的必然是畫。
結果就是一幅畫裡畫了大亨擁有的諸多城堡。
N2 Attachment:
The guide described the paintings of the castle that was owned by the tycoon.
導遊敘述了那些關於那位大亨所擁有的那座城堡的畫。
城堡是單數,與 that 一致,所以被擁有的必然是城堡。
結果就是一堆畫都在畫大亨擁有的一座城堡。
這兩個例子看來,似乎當其他文法關係清楚時,
後方的關係子句(這裡是限定,似非限定亦可?)也未必得修飾 NP2?
這裡
http://ppt.cc/w6vi
The friends of the participants who were told to order soft drinks
是個限定關係子句的例子。
但這裡
http://ppt.cc/5Ivz
The animal ate the father of Jay, who was an engineer.
是個非限定關係子句的例子。
看似這種情況英語話者都傾向是修飾後者?
(如果回答者是英語話者的話……)
真是複雜啊!
※ 編輯: khara (1.163.40.110), 12/05/2014 22:10:08
※ 編輯: khara (1.163.40.110), 12/05/2014 22:11:38