[請益] 中醫和自然醫學孰優孰劣?
從我昨天發的文章中:
https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/ChineseMed/M.1600245574.A.075.html
簡單整理了各地各種醫學類別在不同區域受承認的概況
其中自然醫學在美國17個州及華盛頓特區受承認,並以自然醫學醫師的身份行醫,部分地區甚至允許其開處方藥及動小手術
反之中醫在美國僅能作為針灸師,更無權開處方藥
所以我想問中醫和自然醫學孰優孰劣,而雙方的優劣勢能否反應其在美國的法律地位呢?
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※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/ChineseMed/M.1600304958.A.394.html
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世界有著許多國家,每個國家與地方的法規不同
如印度三大傳統醫學在南亞各國的地位等同中醫在兩岸是一樣的
即印度傳統醫學的醫師在南亞各國的地位正如同中醫在大陸及台灣一樣屬於醫師
自然醫學在印度亦如是,具體可以參考印度政府部門網站:https://www.ayush.gov.in/
至於美國自然醫學在部分州份的地位,每個州分階賦予不同的地位及權限
譬如以維基百科的資料為例:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturopathy
其中我所參考的段落如下:
"In five Canadian provinces, seventeen U.S. states, and the District of
Columbia, naturopathic doctors who are trained at an accredited school of
naturopathic medicine in North America are entitled to use the designation ND
or NMD. Elsewhere, the designations "naturopath", "naturopathic doctor", and
"doctor of natural medicine" are generally unprotected or prohibited.[36][76]
In North America, each jurisdiction that regulates naturopathy defines a
local scope of practice for naturopathic doctors that can vary considerably.
Some regions permit minor surgery, access to prescription drugs, spinal
manipulations, midwifery (natural childbirth), and gynecology; other regions
exclude these from the naturopathic scope of practice or prohibit the
practice of naturopathy entirely."
該內容載明於美國部分州分,自然醫學受承認,且可用自然醫學醫師之頭銜(ND or NMD)
在職權方面部分州包含了使用處方藥(prescription drugs)
和動小手術(minor surgery)的權限
從中可知自然醫學醫師在部分州分具備醫師身分,具體州份於條目中有列出來
而在Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges的網站:
https://reurl.cc/ldvzdA
包含內如容下:
"The titles “traditional naturopath” and “naturopathic doctor” (or “
naturopathic physician”) are not interchangeable. A licensed naturopathic
doctor (ND/NMD) is a primary care physician who is trained to diagnose and
prescribe, while a traditional naturopath is not able to do either. "
該文很明確的表明所謂"傳統自然療法"與"自然醫學醫師"不可混淆
因為後者為受過正規教育且取有執照之"primary care physician"
(基層醫療醫師),翻譯出處:http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/3266564/
具備診斷及開藥之權限,所謂"傳統自然療法"無此權限
由此可知所謂"自然醫學醫師"之身分不同於您所提的"自然醫學治療師"
綜上所述,在美國部分州份中,所謂自然醫學醫師具備正式醫師之身分
然而中醫並無此地位,由此觀之究竟只是國情問題,還是這兩種醫學自身優劣不同所致?
※ 編輯: sdhws (125.224.99.237 臺灣), 09/17/2020 19:51:38
※ 編輯: sdhws (125.224.99.237 臺灣), 09/17/2020 20:12:21
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※ 編輯: sdhws (125.224.99.237 臺灣), 09/17/2020 20:53:51
在業務及權限上自然醫學醫師具備替病人診斷及開藥之權限
並可被稱為"physician"
只是基於其醫學體系之不同而與現代醫學醫師加以區分
與之對照,台灣之中醫及現代醫學醫師(西醫)的區分豈非異曲同工之妙?
另外"Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine"(雖屬替代醫學,但不是"Chiropractic")
從維基百科的介紹:https://reurl.cc/x0l3gz
"Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO or D.O.) is a professional doctoral degree
for physicians and surgeons offered by medical schools in the United States.
A DO graduate may become licensed as an osteopathic physician, having
equivalent rights, privileges, and responsibilities as a physician who has
earned the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree.[1] Osteopathic physicians, or DOs,
currently have unlimited practice rights in roughly 74 countries, with
partial practice rights in many more; [2] [3] DOs have full practice rights
in all 50 US states. They constitute 11% of all US physicians. As of 2018,
there were more than 145,000 osteopathic physicians and osteopathic medical
students in the United States."
在文章開頭便直接提到在成為"osteopathic physician"後可以"having equivalent
rights, privileges, and responsibilities as a physician who has earned
the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree"
所以說整脊醫生雖不是MD但具備其特權
至於Piedmont HealthCare的文章中亦提到https://reurl.cc/OqVm4v
"You know what an M.D. is, but have you ever been treated by a D.O.? While both
degrees mean your doctor is a licensed physician, their training differs
slightly, and each has a unique perspective on care."
表明其皆為"licensed physician",只是其醫學見解及所受訓練不同而已
與之相較,中醫在美國之"rights, privileges, and responsibilities"為何呢?
不管是ND或是D.O.階為"physician"
"A physician is a medical doctor, either an M.D. or D.O., who has completed
graduate training to provide health care. A physician may be referred to as a
doctor. However, not all doctors are physicians.
An individual with a PhD, such as a doctoral degree in economics, is referred
to as a doctor. So while all physicians are doctors, not all doctors are
physicians."
該段出處:https://reurl.cc/0OEKYk
※ 編輯: sdhws (125.224.99.237 臺灣), 09/17/2020 21:59:40
※ 編輯: sdhws (125.224.99.237 臺灣), 09/17/2020 22:02:15
※ 編輯: sdhws (125.224.99.237 臺灣), 09/17/2020 22:08:50
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所以說,雖然中醫在兩岸具醫師頭銜,且可診斷及開藥
但相較於現代醫學,理應也仍屬於替代醫學的一種
回歸最原本的問題:自然醫學和中醫之間是否存優劣之分?
我純粹想了解這點,並非學校要求的報告或研究
※ 編輯: sdhws (125.224.99.237 臺灣), 09/17/2020 22:36:05
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原則上有解答,但有些名詞問題想討論一下
在維基條目中,"醫師"會直接對應至"Physician",其解釋如下:
"A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English),
medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a professional who practises medicine,
which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through
the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other
physical and mental impairments"
與我們所認知的醫師相同,所以"Physician"可否被理解為中文的醫師?
又或者所謂醫師即具備合法為病人獨立診斷並治療者?
第二,中醫本質上是否為替代醫學的一種?
是否可以說"兩岸政府在法條上賦予中醫等替代醫學和主流醫學一樣的地位"?
也就是說但凡現代醫學以外者皆為替代醫學
只是不同的替代醫學在不同的區域可得到的法律地位不同
因為根據"台灣醫學2008年12卷2期":https://reurl.cc/OqVRj7
"目前的主流醫學是以生物醫學為基礎的西方醫學"還有
"一. 替代醫療系統(alternative medicine system) 此替代醫療系統的起源比西方主流醫
學更早,不僅有完整的醫學理論基礎而且有治療實務經驗。包括傳統中國醫學、世界各國
傳統療法、同類療法(homeopathic medicine)及自然療法(naturopathic medicine)。"
都朝這一方向說明
※ 編輯: sdhws (125.224.99.237 臺灣), 09/18/2020 00:33:05
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討論串 (同標題文章)
完整討論串 (本文為第 1 之 2 篇):
請益
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