[其他] 賈伯斯演講
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Thank You. I am honored to be with you today at your commencement
from one of the finest universities in the world.
Truth be told I never graduated from college
and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it.
No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months,
but then stayed around as a drop-in
for another 18 months or so before I really quit.
So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born.
My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student,
and she decided to put me up for adoption.
She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates,
so everything was all set for me to
be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.
Except that when I popped out they decided
at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.
So my parents, who were on a waiting list,
got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected
baby boy; do you want him?"
They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that
my mother had never graduated from college
and that my father had never graduated from high school.
She refused to sign the final adoption papers.
She only relented a few months later when
my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my
life.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college
that was almost as expensive as Stanford,
and all of my working-class parents'
savings were being spent on my college tuition.
After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.
I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life
no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.
And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved
their entire life.
So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK.
It was pretty scary at the time,
but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made.
The minute I dropped out I could stop
taking the required classes that didn't interest me,
and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room,
so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms,
I returned coke bottles for the 5 cent deposits to buy food with,
and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday
night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna
temple. I loved it.
And much of what I stumbled into by following
my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.
Let me give you one example: Reed College at that
time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.
Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer,
was beautifully hand calligraphed.
Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes,
I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.
I learned about serif and san serif typefaces,
about varying the amount of space
between different letter combinations,
about what makes great typography great.
It was beautiful, historical,
artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture,
and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.
But ten years later,
when we were designing the first Macintosh computer,
it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac.
It was the first computer with beautiful typography.
4:29If I had never dropped in on that single course in college,
4:32the Mac would have never had multiple
4:34typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
4:37And since Windows just copied the Mac,
4:39it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
4:47If I had never dropped out,
4:51I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class,
4:54and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography
4:57that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect
5:00the dots looking forward when I was in college.
5:02But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
5:07Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward;
5:10you can only connect them looking backwards.
5:12So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect
5:15in your future.
5:16You have to trust in something, your gut, destiny, life, karma,
5:20whatever.
5:22Beleiveing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the
confidence to follow your heart
5:28Even when it leads you off the well worn path, and that will make all the
difference.
5:38My second story is about love and loss.
5:44I was lucky I found what I loved to do early in life.
5:48Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20.
5:51We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of
5:55us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees.
5:59We had just released our finest creation the Macintosh
6:03a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.
6:06And then I got fired.
6:09How can you get fired from a company you started?
6:12Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought
6:15was very talented to run the company with me,
6:18and for the first year or so things went well.
6:20But then our visions of the future began
6:22to diverge and eventually we had a falling out.
6:25When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him.
6:29So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out.
6:32What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone,
6:35and it was devastating.
6:38I really didn't know what to do for a few months.
6:41I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs
6:43down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.
6:47I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce
6:50and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.
6:54I was a very public failure,
6:55and I even thought about running away from the valley.
6:58But something slowly began to dawn on me I still loved what I did.
7:03The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.
7:07I had been rejected, but I was still in love.
7:12And so I decided to start over.
7:14I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from
7:17Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
7:21The heaviness of being successful was
7:23replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again,
7:26less sure about everything.
7:27It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
7:31During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT,
7:34another company named Pixar,
7:35and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.
7:39Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature
7:42film, Toy Story,
7:44and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
7:49In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT,
7:53I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at
7:56NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance.
7:59And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
8:03I'm pretty sure none of this would
8:05have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.
8:08It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.
8:12Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith.
8:18I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved
8:21what I did. You've got to find what you love.
8:24And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers.
8:28Your work is going to fill a large part of your life,
8:30and the only way to be truly satisfied
8:32is to do what you believe is great work.
8:35And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.
8:38If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle.
8:43As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it.
8:47And, like any great relationship,
8:49it just gets better and better as the years roll on.
8:52So keep looking. Don't settle.
9:05My third story is about death.
9:09When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like:
9:12"If you live each day as if it was your last,
9:15someday you'll most certainly be right."
9:20It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years,
9:25I have looked in the mirror every morning
9:27and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life,
9:30would I want to do what I am about to do today?"
9:34And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row,
9:37I know I need to change something.
9:40Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important
9:43tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.
9:47Because almost everything all external expectations, all pride,
9:52all fear of embarrassment or failure -
9:54these things just fall away in the face of death,
9:58leaving only what is truly important.
10:00Remembering that you are going to die is the best
10:03way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.
10:08You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
10:13About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer.
10:16I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning,
10:20and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.
10:23I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
10:26The doctors told me this was almost
10:28certainly a type of cancer that is incurable,
10:30and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.
10:35My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order,
10:40which is doctor's code for prepare to die.
10:42It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought
10:47you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months.
10:51It means to make sure everything is buttoned
10:53up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.
10:56It means to say your goodbyes.
11:01I lived with that diagnosis all day.
11:04Later that evening I had a biopsy,
11:06where they stuck an endoscope down my throat,
11:08through my stomach and into my intestines,
11:11put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.
11:14I was sedated, but my wife, who was there,
11:18told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope
11:21the doctors started crying because it turned out to be
11:24a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.
11:29I had the surgery and thankfully I'm fine now.
11:40This was the closest I've been to facing death,
11:43and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades.
11:46Having lived through it,
11:48I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when
11:51death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
11:55No one wants to die.
11:58Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.
12:02And yet death is the destination we all share.
12:06No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be,
12:10because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life.
12:15It is Life's change agent.
12:16It clears out the old to make way for the new.
12:19Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now,
12:24you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.
12:28Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
12:32Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
12:38Don't be trapped by dogma which is living
12:40with the results of other people's thinking.
12:42Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner
12:46voice. And most important,
12:48have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.
12:51They somehow already know what you truly want to become.
12:55Everything else is secondary.
13:09When I was young,
13:11there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog,
13:15which was one of the bibles of my generation.
13:18It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here
13:21in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.
13:25This was in the late 1960's,
13:27before personal computers and desktop publishing,
13:30so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras.
13:34It was sort of like Google in paperback form,
13:3635 years before Google came along: it was idealistic,
13:41overflowing with neat tools, and great notions.
13:45Stewart and his team put out several
13:47issues of The Whole Earth Catalog,
13:48and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.
13:53It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age.
13:58On the back cover of their final issue
14:00was a photograph of an early morning country road,
14:04the kind you might find yourself
14:05hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.
14:08Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish."
14:13It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry.
14:18Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself.
14:23And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
14:28Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
14:31Thank you all very much.
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