[轉錄][資訊] 世界前十二長英文單字(更正版)

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※ [本文轉錄自 hyh1987 信箱] 作者: zzt (限量版魔人) 看板: share 標題: [資訊] 世界前十二長英文單字(更正版) 時間: Tue Aug 29 15:05:02 2006 http://www.wretch.cc/blog/zzt&article_id=2532283 下面這一系列的字是網路上轉載而來的，我自己又作了一些補充。會想做補充是因為，網路文章的錯誤太多了，我覺得必須要提出修正才行。儘管語源學我不是專業，但是至少可以透過查證來糾正被廣泛流傳的錯誤。標題這個字是「冗長單字恐懼症」，我很喜歡看到很長的單字，也很喜歡背單字。所以我應該是hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliomania囉？也不盡然，事情過與不及總是讓人失望。首先要知道的是hapax legomenon的概念。hapax legomenon是希臘字。 ?παξ λεγ?μενον的意思，它的意思是"(something) said only once", 就是「只說（使用）一次」的意思，當然一次是指在正式的文獻上，不然像我在這裡解釋了半天，不就使用了很多次了嗎？ hapax legomenon的複數是hapax legomena，不過一般來說都會簡寫成hapax, hapaxes。 hapax是"once"，dis是"twice"，tris是"three times"，tetrakis是"four times"，超過四次以上的就一點都不稀奇了，從這裡也可以看出拉丁文對於頻率的觀點。一般來說，頻率要多少次才算很多次，通常是三，例如中國的「三人成虎」，或是西方的放羊的小孩、三隻小豬的故事、多了一次的四次其實非常考驗讀者的耐心的，但是也可見拉丁文的嚴謹。其實下面十二個字只是代表性的而已，它們真的排得到前十二嗎？我持懷疑的態度。另外我也更正了一些原文上的錯誤，有興趣的就看一下吧。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- NO.12 honorificabilitudinitatibus 這個字是由27個字母組成的。出現在大文豪莎士比亞的劇本「空愛一場」 (love's labour's lost)裡，意思是「不勝光榮」。這個字的原字是拉丁文honorificabilis(honorable)的形容詞改成名詞 honorificabilitudinitas(honorableness)，然後這個字是名詞奪格的複數。奪格(ablative case)又叫離格，也叫從格，它是一種表示很多意思的格位，比如說表狀態、表時間、表地點、表工具等等，拉丁文常使用奪格。這個字它的意思是"the state of being able to achieve honours"; "with honorablenesses"。它的原出處如下： "O, they have lived long on the alms-basket of words. I marvel thy master hath not eaten thee for a word; for thou art not so long by the head as honorificabilitudinitatibus: thou art easier swallowed than a flap-dragon." - Costard, Love's Labour's Lost, Act V, Scene 1 我對莎士比亞的作品不熟，所以這方面不能提供什麼訊息給各位。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NO.11 antidisestablishmentarianism 這個字是由28個字母組成的。根據1913年范克和華格若爾斯(Funk & Wagnalls) 編的「英語新標準辭典」(New English Dictionary) 裡面的解釋，這個字的意思是「反對教會與國家分開學說」。它曾被英國首相格來斯頓(William Ewart Gladstone，1809-1898)引述過一次。我覺得原作翻譯可能不是讓人很懂，它應該是「反對政教分離者主義」。這個字也是一般最常見的長單字。它的反義字是disestablishmentarianism 隨著時間的演進，antidisestablishmentarianism也有另外的暗喻，用了這個字當作舉例的話，就好像是使用一些很長的單字表示自己很聰明的樣子。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- NO.10 floccinaucinihilipipification 這個字是由29個字母組成的。「牛津英文辭典」裡就有這個字，意思是「把某事的價值加以抹殺的行為或習慣」。根據Oxford English Dictionary的說法，這個字最早用於William Shenstone 1741年的作品中"I loved him for nothing so much as his flocci-nauci-nihili-pili-fication of money"。它的意思是'the action or habit of estimating something as worthless"。在第一版的Oxford English Dictionary裡面，它原本加了qutation marks，應該是作 "Flocci" "nauci" "nihili" "pili" fication, 也就是四個跟"insignificant"相關的拉丁字而來。 floccus -i a wisp or piece of wool, used idiomatically as flocci non facio ("I don't care"; more literally "I don't make wool") naucum -i a trifle nihilum -i nothing; something valueless pilus -i a hair; a bit or a whit; something small and insignificant ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- NO.09 supercalifragilisticexpiadocious 這個字是由34個字母組成的。出現在一部名叫mary poppins的電影裡，意思是「好」。 "Mary Poppin'"是Julie Andrews在1964年演出的電影，中文片名翻作「歡樂滿人間」。這個字是迪士尼的配樂者Sherman Brothers這兩兄弟小時候在夏令營發明的字。根據美國作家Richard Leader在"Crazy Enlgish"裡面的說法，這個字還頗好懂的： super- "above," cali- "beauty," fragilistic- "delicate,"expiali- "to atone," and docious- "educable," the sum meaning roughly "Atoning for extreme and delicate beauty while still being highly educable." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- NO.08 hepaticocholangiocholecystenterostomies 這個字是由40個字母組成的。出現在高德(Gould)編的「醫學辭典」(Medical Dict.)裡，為一個外科術語，亦即在膽囊與膽管之間或腸子與膽囊之間接人工管子的手術。它是hepaticocholangiocholecystenterostomy的複數。分解開來就是hepatico-cholangio-cholecyst-enterostomy 這個自的字源來自希臘語 hepatos (liver) ikos (名詞詞綴) chole (bile) angio (blood vessels) chole (bile) kysta (形容詞詞尾) enteros (intestine) tomia (a cutting) 簡單的說它的意思是 "Process in surgical operations where channels are made to create communication between gall bladders and hepatic ducts or intestines." 這個字在原文中間整個拼錯了，但是卻沒有人去糾正，所以在google裡面多了很多這樣拼錯的文章。 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- NO.07 pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis 這個字是由45個字母組成的。出現在韋氏辭典第八版的版本中意思是「吸入矽酸鹽細末或石英岩灰而形成的肺塵埃沈著病」。礦工特別容易得這種病。一般稱「火山矽肺症」分解開來就是pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coni-osis pneumono = related to lungs (Latin, from Greek) ultra = beyond (Latin, as in "ultraviolet") microscopic = extremely small (Latin/Old English, from Greek mikron, small, and skopos, view) silico = silica (Latin) volcano = volcano (Latin) coni = related to dust (Greek: konis, dust) osis = disease / condition (Greek) 這個字原文中的micro拼成micyo了 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NO.06 antipericatametaanaparcircumvolutiorectumgustpoops of the coprofied 這個字是由50個字母組成的。有個圖書館的書架上，陳列著法國作家拉伯雷 (Francois Rabelais, 1493-1553)著的「葛甘塔和潘特古」故事系列。其中有一本，書名就是這個長長的英文字。我想原作誤會"一本"的意思了，而且既然是法國作家，又怎麼會寫出英文字的書名呢？這是"Gargantua and Pantagruel Book 2"第七章的內容，這一章講到巨人族的 Gargantua和他的兒子Pantagruel來到了巴黎，在巴黎的聖維克多修道院 (Abbey of St. Victor)中他找到了很多很有趣的書，然後是列了一長串的書單，書單裡面就有這麼一本書。其實這本書的原文是法文 "Antipericatametaanaparbeugedamphicribrationes merdicantium" 至於書名到底什麼意思，有此一說，它翻譯成 "The Greek prepositions discussed by the Turdicants"，僅供參考 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NO.05 Osseocarnisanguineoviscericartilaginonervomedullary 這個字是由51個字母組成的。它是人體構造一術語，曾出現在英國作家皮考克 (Thomas Love Peacock, 1785-1866)那1815年本名叫"Headlong Hall"的小說中。 osseo = bone carn = flesh sanguine = blood viscera = soft internal organs cartilagin = cartilage (strong connective tissue) nervo = the nerves medullary = the inner core, or the marrow 這個字原文還是拼錯了，字首是osseocar而不是osseocay，我這裡附上正確的版本 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- NO.04 aequeosalinocalcalinoceraceoaluminosocupreovitriolie 這個字是由52個字母組成的。它是英國醫學作者愛德華.史特羅哲 (Dr. Edward Strother，1675-1737)創造的字，專用來形容英格蘭格洛斯特郡巴斯(Gloucestershire, Bath) 這個地方的礦泉水成分。這個字分解之後如下： Aequeo: equal (Latin, aequo[1]) Salino: containing salt (Latin, sal?nus) Calcalino: calcium (Latin, calx) Ceraceo: "waxy" (Latin, cera) Aluminoso: alumina (Latin) Cupreo: from Copper Vitriolic: containing vitriol (in this case Copper sulphate pentahydrate) Edward Strother發現的水源是在Bath，不是在Bristol，雖然這兩個地點很接近。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- NO.03 bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhoun- awnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk 這個字是由100個字母組成的。就出現在愛爾蘭作家喬埃斯(James Joyce, 1882-1942) 作品Finnegans Wake的扉頁，象徵，代表亞當和夏娃的墮落。這個字分解如下 Bababadal-gharagh-takammin-arronn-konn-bronn-tonn-erronn-tuonn-thunn- trovarrhoun-awnskawn-toohoo-hoordenen-thurnuk 它的意思是"the symbolic thunderclap representing the fall of Adam and Eve"，也就是當亞當和夏娃墮落時的雷閃電轟。看母音重疊這麼多，後面又接的是鼻音(mn)，想必不是響雷。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NO.02 lopadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsanodrimhypotrimmatosilphioparaomelitok atakechymenokichlepikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokigklopeleiol agoiosiraiosiraiobaphetraganopterygon 這個字是由182個字母組成的。它是從希臘字英譯過來的英文字，源出自希臘喜劇作家亞里斯多芬尼斯(Aristophanes, 448-385)的劇本"The Ecclesiazusae"中。它是指由剩餘的菜和牛肉等17種成分煮成的辣味食物。 -lopado- from λοπ?? (lopas, stem lopad-) "dish, meal", -temacho- from τ?μαχο? (temachos) "fish slice", -selacho- from σ?λαχο? (selachos) "fish of the Elasmobranchii subclass (a shark or ray) -galeo- from γαλε?? (galeos) "dogfish, small shark" -kranio- from κραν?ον (cranion) "head" -leipsano- from λε?ψανον (leipsanon) "remnant" -drimy- from δριμ?? (drimys) "sharp, pungent" -hypotrimmato- from ?π?τριμμα (hypotrimma) "generally sharp-tasting dish of several ingredients grated and pounded together" -silphio- from σ?λφιον (silphion) "laserwort" (apparently a kind of giant fennel (here we get to divergences...) -karabo- from κ?ραβο? (karabos) "a kind of crab, beetle, or crayfish" (the word is related to scarab) -parao- appears to be from παρα?? (paraos) "eagle" -tyro- is clearly just τυρ?? (tyros) "cheese". -melito- from μ?λι (meli) "honey" -katakechymeno- is from κατακεχυμ?νο? (catacechymenos), something like "poured down", perfect middle/passive participle of καταχε?ω (catacheu?) -kichl- from κ?χλη (cichl?) "wrasse" (or "thrush") -epi- from (epi) "upon, on top of" -kossypho- from κ?σσυφο? (cossyphos) "a kind of sea-fish" (or "blackbird") -phatto- from φ?ττα (phatta) "wood pigeon" -perister- from περιστερ?? (peristeros) "domestic pigeon" -alektryono- from ?λεκτρυ?ν (alectry?n) "chicken" -opto-/-opte- from ?πτ?? (optos) "roasted, baked" -kephallio-/-kephalio- from κεφ?λιον (cephalion), diminutive of "head" -kinklo-/kigklo- from κ?γκλο? (cinclos) "dabchick" -peleio- from π?λεια (pel?a) "pigeon" -lagoio- probably from λαγ?? (also accented λαγ??) meaning basically "hare" but also a kind of bird or a kind of sea-hare -siraio- from σ?ραιον (siraeon) "new wine boiled down" -baphe- from βαφ? (baph?) "dipping" (also 'dyeing', 'temper (of a blade)') -tragano- from τραγαν?? (traganos) "he-goat" (but if it is really ' -tragalo-' as in one variant, then maybe it is really from τραγ?λιον "dessert fruit; thing eaten uncooked") (reading Ν for ΛΙ seems plausible, but I'm no epigraphologist.) -pterygon from πτ?ρυξ (pteryx) "wing, fin". -------------------------------------------------------------------------- NO.01 Methionylglutaminylarginyltyrosylglutamylserylleucylphenylalanyla lanylglutaminylleucyllysylglutamylarginyllysylglutamylglycylalanylph enylalanylvalylprolylphenylalanylyalylthreonylleucylglycylaspartylpr olylglycylisoleucylglutamylglutaminylserylleucyllysylisoleucylaspart ylthreonylleycyliso leucylglutamylalanylglycylalanylaspartylalanylle ucylglutamylleucylglycyl isoleucyprolylphenylalanylserylaspartylprol ylleucelalanylaspartylglycylp rolylthreonylisoleucylglutaminylaspara ginylalanylthreonylleucylarginylalanylphenylalanylalanyllalnylglycyl valylthreonylprolylalanylglutaminylcys teinylanlanylglycylvalylthreo nylprolylalanylglutaminylcysteinylphenylala nylglutamylmethionylleuc yalanylleucylisoleucylarginylglutaminyllysylhist idylprolylylthreony lisoleucylprolylisoleucylglycylleucylleucylmethionylt yrosylalanylas paraginylleucylvalypgenylalanylasparaginyllysylglycylisole ucylaspar tylglutamylphenylalanyltyrosylalanylglutaminylcysteinylglutamyl lysy lvalylglycylvalylaspartylserylvalylleucylvalylalanylaspartylvalylpro lyvalylglutaminylglutamylserylalanylprolylphenylalanylarginylglutamin yla lanylalanylleucylarginylhistidylasparaginylvalylalanylprolyliso leucylphe nylalanylisoleucylcysteinylprolylprolylaspartylalanylaspart ylaspartylasp artylleucylleucylleucylarginylglutaminylisoleucylalanyl seryltyrosylglycy larginylglcyltyrosylthreonyltyrosylleucylleucylsery larginylalanylglycylv alylthreonylglycylalanylglutamylasparaginylargin ylanylalanylleucylprolyl leucylasparaginylgisitedylleucylvalylalanylly sylleucyllysylglutamylyrosylasparaginylalanylalanylprolylprolylleucyl glutaminylglycylphenylalanylglycylisoleucylserylalanylprolylaspartyl glutaminylvalyllysylalanylalanylisoleucylaspartylalanylglycyllalnyla lanylglycylalanylisoleucylserylglycylserylalanylisoleucylbalyllysyliso leucylisoleucylglutamylglutaminylhistidylasparaginylisoleucylglutamyl prolylglutamyllysylmethionylleucylalanylalanylalanylleucyllysylvalyl phenylalanylvalylglutaminylprolylmithionyllysylalanylalanylthriony larginylserine. 1913個字母，“色氨酸合成Xa蛋白質”（一種含有267種氨基酸）的化學名：化學上的寫法是C785H1220N212O248S2 這個字就真的是參考用了。化學對我而言非常陌生。 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 140.122.73.111

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