愛因斯坦-西拉德信

看板Warfare作者qlz (())時間10年前 (2013/09/25 09:59)推噓13(13推 0噓 11→)

留言24則, 17人參與討論串1/1

這封信十分有名，因為它促使美國決定製造原子彈...... 一樣是三流翻譯，有翻錯之處請見諒。 http://tinyurl.com/klykahv Sir: Some recent work by E.Fermi and L. Szilard, which has been communicated to me in manuscript, leads me to expect that the element uranium may be turned into a new and important source of energy in the im- mediate future. Certain aspects of the situation which has arisen seem to call for watchfulness and, if necessary, quick action on the part of the Administration. I believe therefore that it is my duty to bring to your attention the following facts and recommendations: 總統先生：近期Enrico Fermi和Leó Szilárd以信件向我溝通時，告知在即將不久的未來裡，元素鈾將會成為一種新的能源來源。某些方面的情況已經上升到必須呼籲警覺的程度。如果必要的話，請迅速管理這個部份。我相信，提醒您以下的事實與建議乃是我的職責。 In the course of the last four months it has been made probable - through the work of Joliot in France as well as Fermi and Szilard in America - that it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium,by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated. Now it appears almost certain that this could be achieved in the immediate future. 在過去四個月的過程中，法國的Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie和美國的Enrico Fermi、 Leó Szilárd已經讓這件事變成可能──使用大量的鈾，進行一連串的核鏈鎖反應，可以產生大量的電和類鐳元素。現在看來，在不久的未來裡，這幾乎可以肯定會實現。 This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable - though much less certain - that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed. A single bomb of this type, carried by boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory. However, such bombs might very well prove to be too heavy for transportation by air. 完全可以想像，這個新現象也可以利用於製作炸彈──雖然並非如此確定──可以製造一種相當強力的炸彈。一顆這類炸彈，只要用船隻運送到港口，就可能摧毀整個港口及週邊區域。然而，這類炸彈可能會被證實因為太過沉重而無法以飛機運送。 The United States has only very poor ores of uranium in moderate quantities. There is some good ore in Canada and the former Czechoslovakia. while the most important source of uranium is Belgian Congo. 美國只有非常少量、質量普通的鈾礦。在加拿大和前捷克斯洛伐克都有相當好的鈾礦，而世界上最重要的鈾來源是比利時屬地剛果。 In view of the situation you may think it desirable to have more permanent contact maintained between the Administration and the group of physicists working on chain reactions in America. One possible way of achieving this might be for you to entrust with this task a person who has your confidence and who could perhaps serve in an inofficial capacity. His task might comprise the following: 在這種情況下，您可能需要與在美國的鏈鎖反應物理學家進行更密切的接觸與管理。對您而言，要達成這件事的一種可能方法，是委託一位您信任的非官方人士來執行這項任務。他的任務可能包含以下兩點： a) to approach Government Departments, keep them informed of the further development, and put forward recommendations for Government action, giving particular attention to the problem of securing a supply of uranium ore for the United States; a.接近政府，讓他們報告進一步的發展，並且對政府行動提出前瞻性建議，以及在確保美國的鈾礦供應問題上給予特別關注。 b) to speed up the experimental work,which is at present being carried on within the limits of the budgets of University laboratories, by providing funds, if such funds be required, through his contacts with private persons who are willing to make contributions for this cause, and perhaps also by obtaining the cooperation of industrial laboratories which have the necessary equipment. b.在大學實驗室預算的限制範圍之內，加快實驗工作。提供必要的資金──如果某些資金是必要的，與那些願意在這個任務上做出貢獻的私人做出接觸，也許還需要和擁有必要設備的工業實驗室合作。 I understand that Germany has actually stopped the sale of uranium from the Czechoslovakian mines which she has taken over. That she should have taken such early action might perhaps be understood on the ground that the son of the German Under-Secretary of State, von Weizsäcker, is attached to the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut in Berlin where some of the American work on uranium is now being repeated. 據我所知，德國已經禁止從他所佔據的前捷克斯洛伐克出口鈾礦。也許可以認為，德國副國務卿之子，Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker，與位於Berlin的 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut有些關聯，他正在重複美國人有關鈾的研究。 Yours very truly, Albert Einstein 您真誠的Albert Einstein -- “聽好，我的孩子，是偉人的話，只要忠告一次就會反省。是普通人的話，重複諫言二次也會改正。而即使是較不成材的人，被說了三次也就會重新考慮。如此卻仍不改變態度的那種人，就可以置之罔顧了。” “不必做第四次的忠告嗎？” “因為到了第四次，不是被放逐、下獄，要不就是被殺。所謂的昏君就是如此。所以第四次的忠告不僅會危害自己，還會讓對方多增罪過，對任何人都沒有好處。” -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 36.224.210.72

推

jimmy5680

09/25 11:05, , 1^F

09/25 11:05, 1^F

→

qlz

09/25 11:47, , 2^F

09/25 11:47, 2^F

推

Kendai

09/25 14:30, , 3^F

09/25 14:30, 3^F