[轉載] 德國戰後首次舉辦希特勒展

看板Warfare作者starfury (紅茶與西洋棋)時間13年前 (2010/10/13 17:15)推噓17(17推 0噓 16→)

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http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article2763643.ece (The Times線上付費版，可能需要帳號才能閱覽。小弟盡量將文章內容轉載並節譯如下) Germany launches first postwar Hitler exhibition Roger Boyes [Berlin] October 13 2010 12:00AM Hitler is back in town. An extremely nervous Germany is staging the first exhibition dedicated to the Nazi leader since the Fuhrer killed himself in his Berlin bunker in 1945. 希特勒回來了。極度神經緊繃的德國正準備舉辦自1945年元首在柏林地堡自殺以來，首次以納粹領導者為主題的展覽。 The exhibition, entitled Hitler and the Germans, shatters a taboo. Since the war, there have been scores of museum displays on the Holocaust, on slave labour, on the murdering doctors, cruel judges and massacring soldiers, and all have triggered debates and protests. 這個名稱為「希特勒與德國人」的展覽打破了禁忌。自二戰以後，有許多博物館展示大屠殺、奴工、進行人體實驗的醫生、酷吏及進行屠殺的士兵，這些展覽都曾引發爭論及抗議。 Hitler, himself, however, has always been out of bounds — and in Berlin most of all, lest neo-Nazis swarm to the museum to pay tribute to the dictator of the Third Reich. The emotional power of Hitler was shown two years ago when a wax model was put on display in the Berlin branch of Madame Tussauds — prompting an enraged visitor to push past security guards and rip off the figure’s head. 然而希特勒本身，卻從來不在展示之列 -- 尤其在柏林，以免新納粹憤青湧入博物館向第三帝國的獨裁者致敬。在兩年前就有一次實例顯示希特勒的「魅力」：當杜莎夫人蠟像館柏林分館展出一尊元首的蠟像時，一位憤怒的遊客將警衛推開，衝去扯掉蠟像的頭。 It seems, though, that times have changed. “Neo-Nazis have not been known to cross the threshold of museums in the past,” said Hans-Ulrich Thamer, curator of the Hitler show in the German Historical Museum. A spokesman, Rudolf Trabold, added: “We should even hope that they do come and get to grips with what we are putting on show, and how we’re doing it.” 現在看來情勢已改變。德國歷史博物館的策展人Hans-Ulrich Thamer說：「新納粹以前從未對博物館侵門踏戶過」。博物館發言人Rudolf Trabold補充說：「我們甚至希望他們(憤青)能來看看這個展覽，看看我們在展覽中訴求了什麼」 The exhibition will open on Friday and continue until February. 這個特展將在本周五開幕，展出直到明年二月。 The museum itself is part of the old Zeughaus, or arsenal, the scene of an unsuccessful attempt to blow up Hitler. Across the road is Bebelplatz where Nazis made a huge bonfire of “decadent” books. A ten-minute walk away is the patch of green concealing Hitler’s wartime bunker. For decades it was unmarked; now there is an information board. That, too, was seen as an important breakthrough: an attempt to connect Hitler with his old centre of power rather than deny his existence. 德國歷史博物館的建築本身就是舊軍火庫 (Zeughaus) 的一部分，對於想打破希特勒神話的企圖來說，是個有些尷尬的地點。穿過馬路就是貝貝爾廣場 (Bebelplatz)，納粹當年焚書的地方。十分鐘內就能走到一片藏有希特勒戰時碉堡的綠地。幾十年來，這個地堡入口從未被標明，現在則有一塊導覽牌在此。這也是一個重大突破：一個重新連結希特勒與昔日統治中心的作為，而不是否認其存在。 The new exhibition tries hard not to provoke. When it was first mooted in 2004, historians immediately rejected the idea of calling it simply Hitler; that, it was felt, would have been too shocking for the Germans. The theme has been broadened: how did Hitler interact with the Germans? 這項特展盡量嘗試不煽動情緒。當2004年首度談論此籌畫時，歷史學者們立即拒絕了將這項展覽簡單地稱為「希特勒」的提議；他們認為這會太震驚德國大眾。展覽主題被擴充為：希特勒如何與德國民眾互動? None of Hitler’s many tunics is on display and anything that could have been touched by the Fuhrer has been banished from the museum. Nor are there any bone fragments. “Don’t worry,” said one historian after getting a sneak preview. “They have made sure that you won’t come into contact with any of Hitler’s DNA.” 希特勒的衣物不會在展覽中出現，任何可能曾經被元首接觸過的物品也不在展示之列。也不會有元首的骨灰。「別擔心，館方確定你不會在展覽中遇到任何希特勒的DNA」一位看過預展的歷史學者表示。 Rather than show a massive 1939 oil portrait of the Fuhrer — in storage in the US since the war — the organisers have opted for a smaller reproduction. Glorifying Hitler is still an offence that can lead to jail in Germany and so one of the display techniques has been to miniaturise him, to bring him down to scale. There are plenty of Hitler busts, but even these have been carefully positioned so that neo-Nazis cannot make capital out of them. 展覽者並未展出一幅1939年的大型元首肖像油畫 -- 此畫自戰後一直保存於美國 -- 而是選擇展出一幅小型複製品。崇拜希特勒在德國仍是會引來牢獄之災的冒犯之舉，所以館方的展覽技巧是將之小型/低調化，將希特勒的規格降低。有許多希特勒的半身胸像展出，但它們也都被小心地排列放置，以使新納粹不會突出強調它們。 “I have stuffed seven busts in a single display case,” said the co-curator, Klaus-Jurgen Sembach. “It will be really difficult to strike some heroic pose next to them for the camera.” 「我試著將七尊半身胸像擠到一個小展示櫃中，這樣就讓有心人難以拍攝到任何能引發英雄化聯想的姿態。」共同策展人Klaus-Jurgen Sembach表示。 Instead, the exhibits are “embedded”, or put in context. Typically, three photographic portraits of Hitler are set next to a screen showing German soldiers marching past burning houses. 館方的作法是，將展品本身嵌入許多歷史脈絡。舉例來說，三幅希特勒的照片放置在一個螢幕旁，螢幕影片則秀出德國士兵行進經過燃燒的房子。 There are harmless curiosities: a lampshade with a swastika; a Fuhrerquartett card game, the equivalent of Happy Families, with its players aiming to collect a set of four cards bearing the picture of Hitler or other Nazis. Good, clean fun, apparently, in 1939. 有些無害的珍奇玩意亦展出：一個有卍字符號的燈罩、一組家庭用的紙牌遊戲，遊戲目標是收集四張有希特勒和其他納粹高官的卡片。對1939年的德國家庭來說，實在是健康的居家必備消遣良品。 Some exhibits have come from US collectors — GIs who were stationed in Berlin as the Third Reich collapsed and who picked up Hitler souvenirs, took them home and helped to create the most active Nazi militaria market in the world. Others are from Moscow archives. 有些展品來自美國的收藏者 -- 當納粹戰敗時進駐柏林並收集紀念品的美軍大兵，將這些東西帶回家，後來甚至形成一個世上最活躍的納粹軍品收藏市場。另外部分展品則來自莫斯科的檔案庫。 There has been cautious approval for the exhibition from normally critical voices. “We do need a range of different ways of dealing with National Socialism,” said Levi Salomon, of the Central Council for German Jews. Simone Erpel, of the German Historical Museum, agrees: “We’re not finished yet with Hitler. Every generation has to find its own answers.” 有些謹慎的評論贊同這次展覽。「我們的確需要不同的方式處理國社主義」德國猶太人中央協會的Levi Salomon表示。德國歷史博物館的Simone Erpel同意：「我們與希特勒斷絕不了關係，每一世代的人都需要去尋找自己的答案」 Germany, in other words, is still struggling to deal with Hitler, but is finding it a little easier. 換句話說，德國人仍掙扎如何處理希特勒議題，但已經比較沒那麼緊張。 After the war a group of German journalists and political advisers met to discuss whether the nation was ready to see Charlie Chaplin’s film The Great Dictator. It took 18 years before the film was released in German cinemas. 戰後，一群德國記者及政界人士聚集討論是否國民已作好準備讓卓柏林的電影「大獨裁者」上映。這一討論就花了十八年才拍板放行。 A Berlin exhibition 16 years ago of the photographs by Hitler’s court photographer, Heinrich Hoffmann, had to be called off in case it stirred Nazi sympathies. The Hitler salute remains banned, as is the swastika. 十六年前柏林展出希特勒的御用攝影師Heinrich Hoffmann的攝影作品，就曾被中途叫停，以免刺激納粹同情者。希特勒式敬禮和卍字標誌也被立法禁止。 From this week, though, it seems to be all right to take the kids to see the Fuhrer, or at least the various bits of paraphernalia that were connected with him. 但從這禮拜(展覽)起，似乎帶著小孩去看元首就沒關係了，或至少那些和他有關的東西。 Significantly the posters advertising the exhibition do not display his face — as if looking into his eyes could induce, again, a kind of mass hypnosis. 值得一提的是，這項展覽的廣告海報並未秀出元首的臉 -- 就好像是惟恐若注視他的眼睛，就能再度引起一種集體的催眠。 (The Times 13 Oct 2010) -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 144.82.210.243

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