[分享] 動詞時態整理
整理之前在語言學校上課的筆記
把比較容易搞混的時態做了整理：
過去簡單、過去進行、過去完成、現在完成、現在完成進行、現在簡單式
這些時態用法與時機我覺得分析的很好，分享給大家參考：）
(後來發現老師是參考http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.html
所做的筆記，網站有時態圖以及試題可參考
不過我是打完筆記才發現這個事實，所以還是貼上自己打好的文字稿）
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1. Simple Past:
All subjects + regular verbs (-ed endings)
irregular verbs (eat, ate, eaten)
special irregular verbs (cut, cut, cut)
USE#1 Completed action at specific time in the past
I went to Kenting yesterday.
They won 3 prizes last year.
USE#2 Series of completed actions in the past
I woke up at 7:00, ate breakfast, took a shower and went to school.
USE#3 Duration in the past (we use “for” to introduce the duration)
I lived in Canada for 2 years, but I live in Taiwan now.
USE#4 Habits in the past (used to do sth)
→it’s no longer your habit now
I usually bit my nails when I was younger.
I used to play tennis every week when I was in junior high school.
USE#5 Past facts and generalizations (use to be)
George Bush was the president of America.
Kevin was a kind teacher.
2. Past Continuous
was/were + V-ing
USE#1 Interrupted action in the past
→to talk about a longer action (was V-ing) interrupted
by a short one (V-ed) (to suddenly stop sb/sth)
Bruno was sleeping when Joe came in.
↑longer action ↑short action
While we were making dinner, the phone rang.
↑longer action ↑short action
USE#2 Specific time in the past as an interruption
(was in the middle of doing the action
at the specific time in the past)
Yesterday at 4:00, we were studying “Time clauses.”
↑we were in the middle of doing the action
Yesterday at 4:00, we studied “Time clauses.”
↑we started or finished the action
USE#3 Parallel actions in the past
I was studying while he was taking a shower.
USE#4 Atmosphere in the past
→lists of parallel actions were happening
at a particular time and place in the past.
When I entered into the office, the secretary was typing on the
computer, the managers were playing computer games
and the owner was talking on the phone.
USE#5 Repetition and irritation with “always” in the past
I didn't like him because he was always coming late in the class.
↑irritated (felt angry) ↑happened again and again
She was always making much noise at night,
so her roommates didn't like her.
3. Past Perfect Simple
had + p.p.
had + been + adj./n.
USE#1 Completed action before sth in the past
They had eaten dinner when I came home.
↑1st ↑2nd
The airplane had taken off when I arrived at the airport.
↑1st ↑2nd
USE#2 Duration before sth in the past
We had had that car for 10 years before it broke down.
I had been sick for 10 days before I got better.
USE#3 Cause (reason) and effect (result) in the past
She failed the exam because she hadn't attend her classes.
↑result ↑cause
She broke up with her boyfriend because he had cheated on her.
4. Present Perfect Simple
has/have + p.p.
USE#1 Unspecific time before now
→you CANNOT use specific time expression
(last night, yesterday, one week ago, last year)
Topic#1 Experience
→to describe your experience. It's like saying
"I have the experience of…”
I have visited Korea in the last year.
↑from 365 days ago until now (NOT considered a specific time)
I visited Korea last year.
↑the year before now (considered a specific time)
Topic#2 Change over time
→to talk about change that has happened
over a period of time from now.
Topic#3 Accomplishments
→(already succeeded in sth) to list the accomplishments
of individuals and humanity.
You CANNOT mention a specific time.
Doctors have cured many kinds of diseases.
I have received a prized in the tournament.
Topic#4 An uncompleted act you are expecting
→to say an action which you expected has not happened yet
(you are still waiting for the action to happen).
I haven't got a girlfriend yet.
She hasn't finished the report.
Topic#5 Multiple actions at different times
→to talk about several different actions which have occurred
in the past at different times.
Present Perfect suggests the process is not completed yet
and more actions are possible.
I've asked 10 students about my wallet, but nobody has seen it.
He went out.
↑not expecting he will be back
He has gone out.
↑with expectation that he'll be back
USE#2 Duration from the past until now (non-continuous verbs)
→to show that sth started in the past
and has continued up until now. "For 5 minutes, "for 2 weeks,"
and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with
Present Perfect.
She has had a cold for 3 days.
5. Present Perfect Continuous
has/have + been + V-ing
USE#1 Duration from the past until now (continuous verbs)
I have been staying here for 2 months.
↑focus on the action on going
I have stayed here for 2 months.
↑focus on the result of the action
USE#2 Lately [not long ago (but is still continuing now)]/
recently [not long ago (and is finished now)]
→you can see the effect of this longer action now
The ground is wet. It has been raining recently.
Joe has been eating a lot lately.
↑you can see Joe is fatter now
6. Simple Present
is/are + adj./n.
V
USE#1 Repeated actions
(hobbies, habits, daily event and sth that often happens)
I excise twice a week.
I like watching dramas.
USE#2 Facts and generalizations
The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
Water boils at 100℃.
USE#3 Scheduled events in the near future
My flight is on October 20th.
Lady Gaga's concert starts at 8:00 p.m. on September 22nd.
USE#4 Now (non-continuous verbs)
I want to drink a glass of water.
I love you.
<Comparison>
Have you eaten lunch?
↑you know lunch time is not finished
Did you eat lunch?
↑lunch time is already over
Have you seen Mary this morning?
↑until now it's still in the morning
Did you see Mary this morning?
↑you ask sb in the afternoon
Have you see Jay the whole day?
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打到一半居然斷線...
希望大家看完可以對時態有更清楚的概念囉
（如果有打錯的地方麻煩也請推文告知，總是會眼花了@@)
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◆ From: 1.173.51.133
※ 編輯: yeswill 來自: 1.173.51.133 (02/02 12:17)
推
02/07 19:20, , 1F
02/07 19:20, 1F