[請益] TPO5 The Origin of the Pacific Island
Paragraph 2: Speculation on the origin of these Pacific islanders began as
soon as outsiders encountered them, in the absence of solid linguistic,
archaeological, and biological data, many fanciful and mutually exclusive
theories were devised. Pacific islanders are variously thought to have come
from North America, South America, Egypt, Israel, and India, as well as
Southeast Asia. Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational
abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders. For
example, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry assumed that
only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the
Pacific. They inferred that the Egyptians even crossed the Pacific to found
the great civilizations of the New World (North and South America). In 1947
Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl drifted on a balsa-log raft westward with
the winds and currents across the Pacific from South America to prove his
theory that Pacific islanders were Native Americans (also called American
Indians). Later Heyerdahl suggested that the Pacific was peopled by three
migrations: by Native Americans from the Pacific Northwest of North America
drifting to Hawaii, by Peruvians drifting to Easter Island, and by
Melanesians. In 1969 he crossed the Atlantic in an Egyptian-style reed boat
to prove Egyptian influences in the Americas. Contrary to these theorists,
the overwhelming evidence of physical anthropology, linguistics, and
archaeology shows that the Pacific islanders came from Southeast Asia and
were skilled enough as navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and
currents.
5. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about early
theories of where the first inhabitants of the Pacific islands came from?
○ They were generally based on solid evidence.
○ They tried to account for the origin of the characteristic features of the
languages spoken by Pacific islanders.
○ They assumed that the peoples living in Southeast Asia did not have the
skills needed to sail to the Pacific islands.
○ They questioned the ideas of G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry.
Ans:3
問題：文章中有提到"Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational abilities and
overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders."
但沒有特別說是Southeast Asia，為什麼可以選3呢?
Paragraph 3: The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization
of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and
navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated
plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied
inventory of fishing implements and techniques. It is now generally believed
that these prerequisites originated with peoples speaking Austronesian
languages (a group of several hundred related languages) and began to emerge
in Southeast Asia by about 5000 B.C.E. The culture of that time, based on
archaeology and linguistic reconstruction, is assumed to have had a broad
inventory of cultivated plants including taro, yarns, banana, sugarcane,
breadfruit, coconut, sago, and rice. Just as important, the culture also
possessed the basic foundation for an effective maritime adaptation,
including outrigger canoes and a variety of fishing techniques that could be
effective for overseas voyaging.
7. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as required for
successful colonization of the Pacific islands EXCEPT
○ knowledge of various Austronesian languages
○ a variety of fishing techniques
○ navigational skills
○ knowledge of plant cultivation
問題：四個選項在文章裡都有提到是殖民成功的關鍵，該怎麼選呢?
這篇剛好每段都超長，看得頭昏眼花阿!!!
再麻煩大家幫忙解答了!!!
謝謝~
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