[討論] 臺灣關係法是美國對台灣所制定的佔領法
臺灣關係法是甚麼?
其實本質上他就是美國對台灣所制定的佔領法.
美國是SFPT的佔領權國(附一),而且也有權組織軍事政府對台灣有處置權(附二),
當在台灣沒有以軍事政府(Military Government)的形態來佔領台灣時,(附五)
他在臺灣關係法第3條第二項以軍事當局(United States military government)的身分,
向總統及國會提供建議時的「檢討報告」,(附三)
而美國這個佔領權國對於佔領事宜可以由總統或國會來決定,(附四)
所以美國國會再依據台灣關係法第15條第二項規定(prescribe)(定義;規定define)
一個統治當局(governing authority)以延續軍事占領台灣.(附五)(附六)
綜合以上臺灣關係法確確實實是一個美國對台灣所制定的個別佔領法.
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(附一) SFPT第23條a
http://www.oceantaiwan.com/society/20040317.htm
23a ...including the United States of America
as the principal occupying Power...
23a ...包含做為主要佔領國的美利堅合眾國...
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(附二) SFPT第4條b
http://www.oceantaiwan.com/society/20040317.htm
4b Japan recognizes the validity of dispositions of property of Japan and
Japanese nationals made by or pursuant to directives of the United States
Military Government in any of the areas referred to in Articles 2 and 3.
4b 日本承認前述第 2 條與第 3 條中美國軍事政府對日本與日本國民財產處分的有效性。
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(附三) 臺灣關係法第3條第二項
http://goo.gl/l8Peid
AIT 官網:Date: 2000.12.19
The TRA states that "the President and Congress shall determine the nature
and quantity of such defense articles and services based solely upon their
judgment of the needs of Taiwan, in accordance with procedures established by
law." The TRA further asserts that "such determination of Taiwan's defense
needs shall include review by United States military authorities in
connection with recommendations to the President and the Congress."
台灣關係法（TAIWAN RELATIONSACT）第三條第二項：「美國總統和國會將依據他們對臺
灣防衛需要的判斷，遵照法定程序，來決定提供上述防衛物資及服務的種類及數量。對臺
灣防衛需要的判斷應包括「美國軍事當局」向總統及國會提供建議時的「檢討報告」
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(附四) Cross v. Harrison, 57 U.S. 16 How. 164 164 (1853)
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/57/164/case.html
The President might have dissolved it by withdrawing the army and navy
officers who administered it, but he did not do so. Congress could have put
an end to it, but that was not done. The right inference from the inaction of
both is that it was meant to be continued until it had been legislatively
changed.
總統可以中止它(佔領該地))藉由撤退管理它的陸軍與海軍軍官,但他沒有這麼做.國會可
以將它終結,但那樣並沒有被這麼做.這樣的權利從兩者的不作為推斷它意指持續到合法的
改變為止.
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(附五) Madsen v. Kinsella, 343 U.S. 341 (1952)
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/343/341/case.html
Although the local government was no longer a "Military Government," it was a
government prescribed by an occupying power, and it depended upon the
continuing military occupancy of the territory.
雖然當地政府不再是一個"軍事政府",他是由一個佔領權國指定的一個政府,且他依此持續
軍事佔領該土地.
See Article 43 of The Hague Regulations respecting the laws and customs of
war on land with special relation to military authority over the territory of
a hostile state (1907):
看1907年海牙第四公約附則的佔領法第43條:
"The authority of the legitimate power having, in fact, passed into the hands
of the occupant, the latter shall take all the measures in his power to
restore, and ensure, as far as possible, public order and safety, while
respecting, unless absolutely prevented, the laws in force in the country."
當原來具有正當性政府的權力，事實上交給佔領者手中時，除非被情況所制止，後者必須
盡全力恢復和保證該地區的公共秩序與安全，同時遵守該地區已生效的法律。
"Military government . . . is an exercise of sovereignty, and, as such,
dominates the country which is its theater in all the branches of
administration. Whether administered by officers of the army of the
belligerent or by civilians left in office or appointed by him for the
purpose, it is the government of and for all the inhabitants, native or
foreign, wholly superseding the local law and civil authority except insofar
as the same may be permitted by him to subsist. . . . The local laws and
ordinances may be left in force, and in general should be, subject however to
their being in whole or in part suspended and others substituted in their
stead -- in the discretion of the governing authority."
"軍事政府...是一個主權行使,且確切而言,支配是它自己戰區的國家所有政府分支的部門
.不管是由交戰軍隊的軍官管理或是由平民聽任於政府機關或是由他指定為了某種目的,他
是政府含有或為了所有的住民,本國或外國,完全地取代當地的法律和民政當局除了在同樣
的範圍內之外可能由它允許去繼續下去....當地法律和條例可能策略性的撤銷,通常應該
這麼做,然而主要是他們全部或部分被懸置且代替其他--在統治當局的處理權下."
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(附六) 臺灣關係法第15條第二項
http://www.ait.org.tw/en/taiwan-relations-act.html
Definitions
Section. 15. For purposes of this Act-
the term "Taiwan" includes, as the context may require, the islands of Taiwan
and the Pescadores, the people on those islands, corporations and other
entities and associations created or organized under the laws applied on
those islands, and the governing authorities on Taiwan recognized by the
United States as the Republic of China prior to January 1, 1979, and any
successor governing authorities (including political subdivisions, agencies,
and instrumentalities thereof).
定義
為本法案的目的-
「臺灣」一詞將視情況需要，包括臺灣及澎湖列島，這些島上的人民、公司及根據適用於
這些島嶼的法律而設立或組成的其他團體及機構，1979年1月1日以前美國承認為中華民國
的臺灣統治當局，以及任何接替的統治當局（包括政治分支機構、機構等）。
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