[考試] 專二內勤 櫃檯業務 國文第23題消失
<題號以郵局公布之題目卷為準>
23.
魏徵<諫太宗十思疏>:「何必勞神苦思,代下司職,役聰明之耳目,虧無為之大道哉?」
這是一句反問句, 意在凸顯治國要道是:
(1)風行草偃 (2)鳴琴垂拱 (3)化性起偽 (4)刑賞不察
郵局公佈的答案是:(2)鳴琴垂拱
但是把原文拿出來看,《諫太宗十思疏》這一整段是這樣的:
君人者,
誠能見可欲,則思知足以自戒;
將有所作,則思知止以安人念高危, 則思謙沖而自牧;
懼滿溢,則思江海而下百川;
樂盤游,則思三驅以為度;
憂懈怠,則思慎始而敬終;
慮壅蔽,則思虛心以納下;
想讒邪,則思正身以黜惡;
恩所加,則思無因喜以謬賞;
罰所及,則思無因怒而濫刑。
總此十思,弘茲九德。
簡能而任之,擇善而從之,
則智者盡其謀,勇者竭其力,仁者播其惠,信者效其忠。
文武爭馳,君臣無事,
可以盡豫遊之樂,可以養松喬之壽,鳴琴垂拱,不言而化。
何必勞神苦思,代下司職,役聰明之耳目,虧無為之大道哉?
白話譯文: (轉錄自:http://tinyurl.com/h9w89dj)
做為國君的人,
如果見到嘉歡的事物,就該想到知足來警戒自己;
打算有所作為,硍應想到適可而止來安定人民;
擔心位高勢危,就該想到謙虛自我修養;
懼怕自滿驕傲,就該想到江海居下才能容納百川;
嘉歡田獵,就該想到以三次驅射為限度;
憂懼鬆懈怠慢,就該想到有始有終;
顧慮耳目蔽塞,就該想到虛心接納臣民的意見;
擔心姦邪進讒,就該想到端正己身以斥退惡人;
施恩時,就該想到不要因一時高興而胡亂獎賞;
行罰時,就該想到不要因一時惱怒而亂用刑戮。
綜合這十思的工夫,是用來弘揚上述眾多的德行。
選拔有才的人而重用他,擇取良善的話而聽從它;
那麼智者施展他的謀略,勇者竭盡他的才力,仁者傳布他的恩惠,信者獻出他的忠誠。
文武百官爭頁效命,君臣之間相安無事,
可以享受逸遊的樂趣,可以怡養赤松子、王子喬般的高壽,
悠閒彈琴、垂著衣裳拱者雙手,不必多言硍能治化天下。
何必勞苦自己的精神,代替屬下管理職務,勞碌聰明的耳目,損害清靜無為的至道呢?
題目是問:「凸顯治國要道是:」
綜此觀之,這十思都是修身的功夫,
而「鳴琴垂拱」只是自然形成的境界與結果,
怎麼會是治國要道呢?
以上述轉錄的網站而言,
解釋的才是正確的:
「十思」是「積其德義」的具體內容。而在「十思」中,
魏徵規勸太宗,要做到知足知止、謙沖包容、節遊勤政、納諫黜惡,正賞明罰。
強調人君僅需知人善任,多行仁政,自然就可「垂拱而治」了。
此篇奏疏理切辭約,言簡意,實為諫喻之上品,論文之佳作!
鳴琴垂拱只是因果關係中的一個果,
用來形容做到十思之後的好處之一。
這一題最接近的是講自身修為進而影響臣民的「風行草偃」,
但嚴格來說沒有適合的選項。
選擇「風行草偃」都有點牽強了,
更何況跟「治國要道」沒有關係的「鳴琴垂拱」呢?!!
如有板友見解相同,
煩請一同申請釋義。
注意時間到今天晚上六點而已喔~~
--
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※ 編輯: freiheitkino (59.104.147.2), 09/13/2016 13:29:05
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