[翻譯] 認知行為治療 (03)

看板PSY作者YangWenli (半退隱中)時間14年前 (2011/06/22 21:11)推噓1(1推 0噓 17→)

留言18則, 3人參與討論串1/1

出處：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy Behavior therapeutical approaches appeared as early as 1924, with Mary Cover Jones' work on the unlearning of fears in children. In 1937 Abraham Low developed cognitive training techniques for patient aftercare following psychiatric hospitalization. Low designed his techniques for use in his organization, Recovery International, which supports people recovering from mental illness. Although Recovery International was originally led by Low, he later adapted the techniques for use in lay-run self-help groups operating under the same name. 行為治療的方法早在 1924 年就出現在 Mary Cover Jones 探討兒童如何消除恐懼的著作中。1937 年，Abraham Low為精神病患住院治療結束後的復健，發展出一套認知訓練技巧。Low 也將他的技巧運用在他創立的組織「國際復健」當中，協助人們從心理疾病當中復原。雖然「國際復健」最初由 Low領導，他後來也改編了這些技巧，將其用在以相同名稱運作的自助團體當中。 It was during the period 1950 to 1970 that behavioral therapy became widely utilized, with researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom and South Africa who were inspired by the behaviorist learning theory of Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson and Clark L. Hull. In Britain, this work was mostly focused on the neurotic disorders through the work of Joseph Wolpe, who applied the findings of animal experiments to his method of systematic desensitization, the precursor to today's fear reduction techniques. British psychologist Hans Eysenck, inspired by the writings of Karl Popper, criticized psychoanalysis in arguing that "if you get rid of the symptoms, you get rid of the neurosis", and presented behavior therapy as a constructive alternative. In the United States, psychologists were applying the radical behaviorism of B. F. Skinner to clinical use. Much of this work was concentrated towards severe, chronic psychiatric disorders, such as psychotic behavior and autism. 1950-1970 年這段期間，行為治療開始獲得廣泛運用，美國、英國與南非的研究者，都從 Ivan Pavlov、John B. Watson、Clark L. Hull等行為主義者的學習理論獲得啟發。在英國，這些研究大多聚焦在精神官能症，Joseph Wolpe將他在動物實驗當中的發現，套用到他的系統減敏感法上，這是今天用來消除恐懼的技巧的前身。英國心理學家 Hans Eysenck由 Karl Popper 的著作獲得靈感，以「假如你擺脫了症狀，你就擺脫了精神官能症」這一論點來批評精神分析，並以行為治療作為建設性的替代方案。在美國，心理學家將 B. F. Skinner 的激進行為主義應用在臨床上。這些工作大多關注嚴重、慢性的精神失常，如精神病性行為與自閉症。 -- 我的網誌：http://www.wretch.cc/blog/YangWenli -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 140.115.220.49

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※ 編輯: YangWenli 來自: 140.115.220.49 (06/23 09:41)

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