語概第十章作業討論
5. Below are some words used in British English for which different words
are usually used in American English. See if you can match the British and
American equivalents?
British American
a. clothes peg k. biscuits A. candy K. baby buggy
b. braces l. queue B. truck L. elevator
c. lift m. torch C. line M. can
d. pram n. underground D. main street N. cop
e. waistcoat o. high street E. crackers O. wake up
f. shop assistant p. crisps F. suspenders P. trunk
g. sweets q. lorry G. wrench Q. vest
h. boot (of car) r. holiday H. flashlight R. subway
i. bobby s. tin I. potato chips S. clothes pin
j. spanner t. knock up J. vacation T. clerk
Ans:
a. – S. f. – T. k. – E. p. – I.
b. – F. g. – A. l. – C. q. – B.
c. – L. h. – P. m. – H. r. – J.
d. – K. i. – N. n. – R. s. – M.
e. – Q. j. – G. o. – D. t. – O.
6. Pig Latin is a common language game of England; but even Pig Latin has
dialects, forms of the “language game” with different rules.
A. Consider the following data from three dialects of Pig Latin, each
with its own rule applied to words begging with vowels:
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有一些音標符號好像不能顯示(顯示成問號),請看課本吧 : )
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Dialect 1 Dialect 2 Dialect3
“eat” [itme] [ithe] [ite]
“arc” [arkme] [arkhe] [arke]
(1) State the rule that accounts for the Pig Latin forms in each dialect.
Dialect 1: attach sound segment [me] to the original word.
Dialect 2: attach sound segment [he] to the original word.
Dialect 3: attach vowel segment [e] to the original word.
(2) How word you say honest, admire, and illegal in each dialect? Give
the phonetic transcription of the Pig Latin forms.
Dialect 1 Dialect 2 Dialect3
“honest” [an?stme] [an?sthe] [an?ste]
“admire” [?dmajrme] [?dmajrhe] [?dmajre]
“illegal” [?liglme] [?liglhe] [?ligle]
B. In one dialect of Pig Latin, the word “strike” is pronounced [ajkstre],
and in another dialect it is pronounced [trajkse]. In the first dialect
“slot” is pronounced [atsle] and in the second dialect, it is pronounced
[latse].
(1) State the rules for each of these dialects that account for these
different Pig Latin forms of the same words.
Dialect 1: move the initial consonant cluster of the word to the final
position of the word, and then attach the vowel [e] to the reversed
word:
[str+ajk] → [ajk+str] → [ajkstr+e] = [ajkstre]
[sl+at] → [at+sl] → [atsl+e] = [atsle]
Dialect 2: move the first consonant of the word to the final position
of the word, and then attach the vowel [e] to the reversed word:
[s+trajk] → [trajk+s] → [trajks+e] = [trajkse]
[s+lat] → [lat+s] → [lats+e] = [latse]
(2) Give the phonetic transcriptions for spot, crisis, and scratch in both
dialects.
Dialect 1: [atspe], [?s?skre], [a?skre]
Dialect 2: [patse], [r?s?ske], [kra?se]
8. Below are sentences that might be spoken between two friends chatting
informally. For each, state what the nonabbreviated full sentence in SAE would
be. In addition, state in your own words (of formally if you wish) the rule or
rules that derived the informal sentences from the formal one.
a. Where’ve ya been today?
SAE: Where have you been today?
b. Watcha gonna do for fun?
SAE: What are you going to do for fun?
c. Him go to church?
SAE: Does he go to church?
d. There’s four books there.
SAE: There are four books there.
e. Who ya wanna go with?
SAE: Who do you want to go with?
Rule 1: reduction of syllables, e.g. Where have → Where’ve
What are you → Watcha
going to → gonna
want to → wanna
Rule 2: plural form of verb is represented by singular form,
e.g. There’re → There’s
He goes → Him go
Rule 3: reduction of auxiliary verb, e.g. Who do you → Who ya
Does he go → Him go
Rule 4: no reversion in interrogative structure, e.g. Does he go → Him go
12. Column A lists euphemisms for words in column B. Match each item with
its appropriate B word.
A B
a. Montezuma’s revenge (1) condom
b. joy sick (2) genocide
c. friggin’ (3) fire
d. ethnic cleansing (4) diarrhea
e. French letter (old) (5) masturbate
f. diddle oneself (6) kill
g. holy of holies (7) urinate
h. spend a penny (British) (8) penis
i. ladies’ cloak room (9) die
j. knock off (10) waging war
k. vertically challenged (11) vagina
l. hand in one’s dinner pail (12) women’s toilet
m. sanitation engineer (13) short
n. downsize (14) fuckin’
o. peace keeping (15) garbage collector
Ans:
a. Montezuma’s revenge - (4) diarrhea
b. joy stick - (8) penis
c. friggin’ - (14) fuckin’
d. ethnic cleansing - (2) genocide
e. French letter (old) - (1) condom
f. diddle oneself - (5) masturbate
g. holy of holies - (11) vagina
h. spend a penny (British) - (7) urinate
i. ladies’ cloak room - (12) women’s toilet
j. knock off - (6) kill
k. vertically challenged - (13) short
l. hand in one’s dinner pail - (9) die
m. sanitation engineer - (15) garbage collector
n. downsize - (3) fire
o. peace keeping - (10) waging war
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