[試題] 102下 梁明義 總體經濟學二 期中考

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課程名稱︰ 總體經濟學二 課程性質︰ 必修 課程教師︰ 梁明義 開課學院: 社會科學院 開課系所︰ 經濟系 考試日期(年月日)︰ 2014年4月14日 考試時限(分鐘): 9:25 ~ 11:40 (延長時間至 12:05) 是否需發放獎勵金: 是 (如未明確表示,則不予發放) 試題 : 1.(20%) (a)(5%) 試說明 demand inflation 與 adjustment loops 的概念。這樣的 abstract theory 對實際世界現象有怎樣的「啟示」?請務必以圖形輔助您的說明。 (b)(5%) 說明 Forward-Looking, Backward-Looking, and Adaptive Expectations。 為何 Gordon 認為 forward-looking expectations 不太「實用」? Suppose that natural real GDP is constant. For every 1% increase in the rate of inflation above its expected level, firms are willing to increase real GDP by 2.5%. The output ratio is initially 100 and the inflation rate equals to 1.5%. Then an adverse supply shock raises the infaltion rate associated with every output ratio by 3.5 percentage point. (c)(5%) Supply shock 發生後,課本提及政府有三種可能對策。試說明並算出在這三種 不同對策下 x, p, y 與 (Y/Y^N) 各是多少?請在 SP-LP 圖上點出這三種政策 的位置。 (d)(5%) Explain why inflation was low in the late 1990s in the United States and why it rose between 2002 and 2006。並說明 2002-2006 的通貨膨脹與 1970 年代兩次能源危機所引起的通貨膨脹的「異同」。 2.(20%) (a)(6%) 長期來看,monetary growth 是 inflation 會發生的「必要條件」。如果央行 「關心」inflation,一定「能夠」控制 monetary growth 來阻止 inflation 發生。為何權世界各國還是有 inflation 發生?為何這些央行會容許 excessive monetary growth? (b)(5%) 何謂 seignorage?這個觀念對實際世界問題有怎樣的「啟示」?Suppose that the amounts of real high-powered money,H/P,equals 2,100,and real government bonds,B/P,equals 3,500。The rate of inflation equals 2% and the nominal interest rate equals 3.5%。What is the amount of seignorate?What is the real interest rate?What is the real interest on bonds? (c)(5%) 說明 structural unemployment 與 search unemployment 的不同?依 Gordon 說法,哪一種是 "socially valuable, productive activity"? (d)(4%) 為何 2008 金融風暴發生,德國失業率上升沒有像美國那麼嚴重?這樣的不同 對美國與德國在這段期間的 productivity growth 有怎樣的 implications? 3.(25%) Harrod 是 Keynes 的學生。Keynes (1936) 提出一個「Static model of income and employment determination」,Harrod (1946) 則提出一個「dynamic model of income and employment growth paths」。 (a)(10%) 試從模型的「具體內容」、「動態調整過程假設」、與所要表達的「信息」三 方面來比較說明 Harrod 與 Solow dynamic models 的異同。在您的說明中務 必要提及下列觀念在這個理論發展過程中所扮演的角色:warranted rate of growth, natural rate of growth 與 knife-edge growth。 Consider an economy characterized by the following production function: Y = A * K^(1/3) * N^(2/3) 且假定 s = 0.05,n = 0.01,d = 0.09,A = 2。以上英文字母所代表著與課堂上使 用者相同。 (b)(7%) 試問在 steady-state growth 下,capital-labor ratio 與 per capita output 各為多少?Y 與 K 的成長率各為多少?現假定儲蓄率上升為 s = 0.20 ,在新的 steady-state growth 下,capital-labor ratio 與 per capita output 各為多少?Y 與 K 的成長率各為多少? (c)(8%) What is the "Solow Residual"? What is endogenous growth theory and what puzzles associated with the Solow growth model does it attempt to resolve? 4.(20%) (a)(5%) Does the empirical evidence validate the predictions of the Solow model regarding convergence? (b)(5%) What role does Prfessor Jeffrey Sachs suggest geography plays in explaining the growth performance of poor countries? (c)(5%) 美國在 1970 到 1995 年期間,很明顯有 Productivity Growth Slowdown。 試問學者們提出哪些原因來解釋這個 slowdown? (d)(5%) 說明 the "Solow paradox" 與 the "delay hypothesis"。這兩個論點與美國 在 1995-2004 的 Productivity Growth Revival 有怎樣的關聯? 5.(15%) (a)(5%) 何謂 the money multiplier?Suppose the ratio of deposits that banks hold in the form of reserves is 10%;suppose further that people want to hold 5% of their deposits in the form of cash。Then, if the Fed wants the money supply to be $6,370 billion, what is the necessary level of high-powered money? (b)(10%) Keynes 在 1930 年代大恐慌時強調 fiscal policy。美國從 1970 年代初起 開始, "monetary policy emerged as the major tool of stabilization policy... In constract fiscal policy was rarely used for stabilization purposes until the Global Economic Crisis struck in 2007-2008. The talbes turned as a result of the Crisis." 綜合課本與 課堂講解,你覺得為何貨幣與財政政策的角色會有如此的對換變動? -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 1.171.179.14 ※ 文章網址: http://www.ptt.cc/bbs/NTU-Exam/M.1403346596.A.B4D.html

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