課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習下
課程性質︰必修 /通識A5*
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰99.04.23
考試時限（分鐘）：110
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 : 請在答案卷上清楚標明題號
一、單選題, 回答正確選項即可, 不需說明。 每題3分, 共45分。
1. Alicia is a vegetarian, so she does not eat beef. That is, beef provides
no additional utility to Alicia. She loves potatoes, however. If we
illustrate Alicia’s indifference curves by drawing beef on the horizontal
axis and potatoes on the vertical axis, her indifference curves will
(a) slope downward.
(b) be vertical straight lines.
(c) slope upward.
(d) be horizontal straight lines.
2. If the consumer’s income and all prices simultaneously double, then the
optimum consumption bundle will
(a) shift outward relative to the old optimum.
(b) move leftward along the old budget constraint.
(c) not change.
(d) shift inward relative to the old optimum.
3. Suppose a consumer has preferences over two goods, X and Y, which are
perfect substitutes. In particular, two units of X is equivalent to one
unit of Y. If the price of X is $1, the price of Y is $3, and the consumer
has $30 of income to allocate to these two goods, how much of each good
should the consumer purchase to maximize satisfaction?
(a) 30 units of X and 0 units of Y
(b) 0 units of X and 10 units of Y
(c) 15 units of X and 5 units of Y
(d) 12 units of X and 6 units of Y
4. An unhealthy person would likely choose a medical insurance policy with a
(a) low premium and a high deductible.
(b) high premium and a high deductible.
(c) high premium and no deductible.
(d) The unhealthy person would choose not to be insured.
5. The Condorcet paradox shows that
(a) allocations of resources based on majority rule are always inefficient.
(b) problems in counting votes can negate legitimate democratic outcomes.
(c) the order on which things are voted can affect the result.
(d) transitive preferences are inconsistent with rationality.
6. One bag of flour is sold for $1.00 to a bakery, which uses the flour to bake
bread that is sold for $3.00 to consumers. A second bag of flour is sold to
a consumer in a grocery store for $2.00. Taking these three transactions
into account, what is the effect on GDP?
(a) GDP increases by $2.00.
(b) GDP increases by $3.00.
(c) GDP increases by $5.00.
(d) GDP increases by $6.00.
7. A German citizen buys an automobile produced in the United States by a
Japanese company. As a result,
(a) U.S. net exports increase, U.S. GDP is unaffected, Japanese GNP increases,
German net exports decrease, and German GNP and GDP are unaffected.
(b) U.S. net exports and GDP increase, Japanese GNP increases, German net
exports decrease, and German GNP is unaffected, and German GDP decreases.
(c) U.S. net exports and GDP increase, Japanese GNP increases, German net
exports decrease, and German GNP and GDP are unaffected.
(d) U.S. net exports and GDP are unaffected, Japanese GNP increases, and German
net exports, GNP, and GDP decrease.
8. The CPI was 120 in 2000 and 132 in 2001. Dorgan borrowed money in 2000 and
repaid the loan in 2001. If the nominal interest rate on the loan was 12
percent, then the real interest rate was
(a) 2 percent.
(b) 10 percent.
(c) 12 percent.
(d) 22 percent.
9. Suppose a country imposes new restrictions on how many hours people can work.
If these restrictions reduce the total number of hours worked in the economy,
,but all other factors that determine output are held fixed, then
(a) productivity and output both rise.
(b) productivity rises and output falls.
(c) productivity falls and output rises.
(d) productivity and output fall.
10.The catch-up effect refers to the idea that
(a) saving will always catch-up with investment spending.
(b) it is easier for a country to grow fast and so catch-up if it starts out
relatively poor.
(c) population eventually catches-up with increased output.
(d) if investment spending is low, increased saving will help investment to
“catch-up.”
11.In the loanable funds model, an increase in an investment tax credit would
create a
(a) shortage at the former equilibrium interest rate. This shortage would
lead to a rise in the interest rate.
(b) shortage at the former equilibrium interest rate. This shortage would
lead to a fall in the interest rate.
(c) surplus at the former equilibrium interest rate. This surplus would
lead to a rise in the interest rate.
(d) surplus at the former equilibrium interest rate. This surplus would
lead to a fall in the interest rate.
12. Suppose the government deficit increases, but the interest rate remains the
same. Which of the following things might have happened simultaneously to
keep interest rates the same?
(a) The government reduces the amount that people may put into savings accounts
on which the interest is tax exempt.
(b) Because they are optimistic about the future of the economy, firms desire
to borrow more to purchase physical capital.
(c) Consumers decide to decrease consumption and work more.
(d) All of the above could explain why the interest rate would be unchanged.
13. Suppose that interest rates unexpectedly rise and that Carter Corporation
announces that revenues from last quarter were down but not as much as the
public had anticipated they would be down. According to the efficient
markets hypothesis, which of the these things make the price of Carter
Corporation Stock fall?
(a) both the interest rate rising and the revenue announcement
(b) neither the interest rate rising nor the revenue announcement
(c) only the interest rate rising
(d) only the revenue announcement
14. Rita puts $10,000 into each of two different assets. The first asset pays
10 percent interest and the second pays 5 percent. According to the rule of
70, what is the approximate difference in the value of the two assets after
14 years?
(a) $12,000
(b) $14,000
(c) $15,500
(d) $20,000
15. President Bigego is running for re-election against Senator Pander. Bigego
proclaims that more people are working now than when he took office. Pander
says that the unemployment rate is higher now than when Bigego took office.
You conclude that
(a) one of them must be lying.
(b) both of them could be telling the truth if the labor force and employment
grew at the exact same rate.
(c) both of them could be telling the truth if the labor force grew slower than
employment.
(d) both of them could be telling the truth if the labor force grew faster than
employment.
二、非選擇題, 共55分。
答題時請務必簡要清楚, 並適當說明你的想法, 答案以能讓閱卷者瞭解為原則。
1. (15分)
小雨的早餐有鬆餅 (X)、漢堡 (Y) 和咖啡 (Z) 三種選擇, 其中鬆餅和漢堡為完全替代,
咖啡和另外兩種選擇則為完全互補。換言之, 小雨吃鬆餅或漢堡時都需要搭配咖啡。
我們可以把效用函數表示為 U = min(X + Y, Z), 其中 min(a,b) 為一函數, 其值為 a,b
兩者的最小值, 例如: min(5,4) = 4。 假設三者的價格分別為 PX = 40, PY = 60,
PZ = 60, 小雨的早餐預算為 1,200 元, 回答以下問題。
(a)(2分)
請寫出小雨的預算限制式。
(b)(4分)
小雨應該如何吃早餐, 以滿足最大的效用。
(c)(4分)
假設北極星醫學大學的研究顯示, 多吃漢堡可以預防癌症, 使得小雨的效用函數變為
U = min(X + 3Y, Z), 請問此時小雨的消費選擇為何?
(d)(5分)
回到U = min(X +Y, Z) 的情況。 假設鬆餅的價格漲為70元, 此時小雨的消費選擇為何?
小雨早餐預算需要增加多少, 才能讓小雨保持原先鬆餅價格 PX = 40 時的效用水準?
2.(10分)
表 1: 1978-2008年女性勞動參與率與年齡組成
15歲以上女性年齡組成
15歲以上 15-24歲 25-44歲 45-64歲 65歲以上
1978 100% 35% 39% 20% 6%
1988 100% 27% 44% 21% 8%
1998 100% 23% 44% 23% 10%
2008 100% 17% 40% 31% 12%
女性勞動參與率
15歲以上 15-24歲 25-44歲 45-64歲 65歲以上
1978 39% 51% 41% 27% 2%
1988 46% 48% 56% 36% 3%
1998 46% 37% 63% 39% 4%
2008 50% 32% 75% 45% 5%
表 1 為1978-2008年間, 我國女性勞動參與率與年齡組成, 請回答以下問題。
(a)(3分)
請由機會成本的角度, 推論隨著女性就讀大學比例的提高,
女性勞動參與率應該提高或下降?
(b)(7分)
1988至2008年間, 我國15歲以上女性勞動參與率僅提高4%, 但是我國大學在學女生
的數目卻由1988年的93,637人增加為2008年的492,764人。 有人因此認為這是我國勞動
市場的職場環境對女性 「不友善」 所造成的。
請以表1各年齡層的女性勞動參與率和女性的年齡組成, 說明你是否同意這樣的看法?
3.(15分)
Economists in Funlandia, a closed economy, have collected the following
information about the economy for a particular year:Y = 10,000,C = 6,000,
T = 1,500,G = 1,700. The economists also estimate that the investment function
is:I = 3,300-100 ×r,where r is the country’s real interest, expressed as a
percentage.
(a)(10分)
Calculate
(a) private saving
(b) public saving
(c) national saving
(d) investment and
(e) the equilibrium real interest rate.
(b)(5分)
If people in Funlandia decrease consumption to 5,400,
will the supply of loanable funds increase or decrease?
what will the equilibrium real interest rate and investment be?
4.(15分)
假設甲手頭上有$100, 存入台灣銀行。 台灣銀行除了保留準備金 (reserve) 外,
其餘存款皆借給乙。 乙借到這筆錢後, 留了$30現金在身上, 然後將剩下的金額轉存
到商業銀行。 商業銀行同樣除了保留準備金外, 其餘的存款皆借給丙, 而丙完全保留這筆
錢在身邊。 若此經濟體的存款準備率為30%, 且所有存款皆為活存, 試回答以下問題。
(a)(4分)
銀行體系中的準備金增加多少?
(b)(4分)
流通在外的通貨 (currency) 有多少?
(c)(4分)
甲存100元到臺灣銀行的這一連串過程, 共創造出多少的貨幣供給量?
(d)(3分)
貨幣乘數為何?
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