[試題] 102-1 張清溪 經濟學甲上 期中考
課程名稱︰經濟學甲上
課程性質︰必帶
課程教師︰張清溪
開課學院：管理學院
開課系所︰會計學系
考試日期（年月日）︰2013年11月11日
考試時限（分鐘）：110分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
第壹部分：選擇題（每題2分，共40分）
(B)1. The bowed shape(向外凸出的) of the production possibilities frontier can
be explain by the fact that
(A)all resources are scarce. (B)the opportunity cost is increasing.
(C)economic growth is occurring. (D)to get one more must get the other
less
(B)2. A statement describing how the world should be
(A)is a positive statement.
(B)is a normative statement.
(C)would only be made by an economist employed by the government.
(D)would only be made by an economist speaking as a scientist.
(A)3. Which of the following would produce an increase in equilibrium quantity
and an inderminate change in equilibrium price?(DD=Demand, SS=supply)
(A)An increase in DD and SS (B)An increase in DD and a decrease in SS
(C)a decrease in DD and SS (D)A decrease in DD and an increase in DD
(C)4. If the price falls from $8 to $7, the quantity of demanded rises from 4
to 6, then total revenue
(A)increase, and demand is inelastic.(B)decrease, and demand is elastic
(C)increase, and demand is elastic. (D)decrease, and demand is inelastic
(A)5. Milk has an inelastic demand, and beef has an elastic demand. Soppose
that a mysterious increase in bovine infertility(牛不孕症) decrease
both the population of dairy cows(乳牛) and the population of beef
cattle(肉牛) by 50 percent. Then the change in equilibrium price will be
(A)greater in the milk than in the beef market.
(B)the same in these two markets.
(C)greater in the beef than in the milk market.
(D)no change at all.
(C)6.Which of the following observations would be consistent with the imposit-
ion of a binding price ceiling on a market? After the price ceiling beco-
mes effective,
(A)a larger quantity of the good is supplied.
(B)a smaller quantity of the good is demanded.
(C)a smaller quantity of the good is bought and sold.
(D)the price rises above the previous equilibrium,
(C)7. Laura consumes only beer and chips. Her indifference curves are all
bowed inward. Consider the bundles (2,6), (4,4), and (6,2). If Laura is
indifferent between (2,6) and (6,2), then Laura must
(A)prefer (6,2) to (4,4) (B)be indifferent between (4,4) and (6.2)
(C)prefer (4,4) to (6,2) (D)prefer (2,6) to (4,4)
(B)8. Billie spends all of her income on soccer balls and jeans, and the price
of jeans is three times the price of soccer balls. In order to maximize
total utility, Billie should
(A)buy both item until the MU of soccer balls is three times the MU of
jeans.
(B)buy both item until the MU of jeans is three times the MU of soccer
balls.
(C)buy three times as many soccer balls as jeans.
(D)buy three times as many jeans as soccer balls.
(C)9. Tony is a wheat farmer, but he also spends part of his day teaching
guitar lessons. Due to the popularity of his local country western band,
farmer Tony has more students requesting lessons than he has time for if
he is also maintain his farming business. Farmer Tony charges $25 an
hour for his guitar lessons. One spring day, he spends 10 hours in his
fields planting $130 worth of seeds on his farm. He expects that the
seeds he planted will yield $300 worth of wheat. Tony's accounting
profit from farming equals
(A)$-80 (B)$130 (C)$170 (D)$260
(B)10. Based on the question above, Tony's economic profit from farming equals
(A)$-130 (B)$-80 (C)$130 (D)$170
(A)11. The phrase "no such thing as a free lunch" means
(A)people must face tradeoffs. (B)rational people think at the margin
(C)people respond to incentives. (D)trade can make everyone better off.
(D)12. Soppose there is an early freeze in Califonia that reduces the size of
the lemon crop. Consumer surplus in the market for lemon will
(A)increase (B)not be affected.
(C)decrease (D)depend on the demand for lemon is elastic or inelastic.
(C)13. As bubba's Bubble Gum Company adds workers while using the same amount
of machinery, some worker may be underutilized because they have little
work to do while waiting in line to use the machinery. When this
occurs, Bubba's Bubble Gum Company encounters
(A)economies of scale. (B)increasing marginal product.
(C)diseconomies of scale. (D)diminishing marginal product.
(D)14. 若消費者對X的需求函數為Qx=20-Px+0.5Py+0.01I;式中Y為其他物品，I為所得。
由此可知：
(A)X是劣等品 (B)Y是正常品但不是奢侈品
(C)X與Y是互補品 (D)X的需求彈性(絕對值)是Px/Qx
(B)15. 短期成本與產量的關係，下列何者正確？
(A)平均成本(AC)與平均變動成本(AVC)之差距，會隨者產量的增加而逐漸增加
(B)邊際成本必通過AC與AVC的最低點
(C)平均固定成本不隨產量增加而改變
(D)邊際成本(MC)大於AC時，AC會遞減
(D)16. 下列何者是隱藏成本(implicit cost)？
(A)無薪假員工的薪資 (B)貸款尚未到期的利息
(C)房屋的攤提折舊 (D)使用自有房屋的未付地租
(D)17. 「一個農人增產，他的收入會增加；農業大豐收，所有的農人收入都減少。」這
與下列何者有關？
(A)農產品的需求彈性小於1 (B)合成的謬誤
(C)農人是完全競爭者 (D)以上皆是
(A)18. 「蛛網理論」成立的前提是：
(A)本期的生產決定於前期的價格 (B)需求彈性小於1
(C)本期的消費決定於前期的價格 (D)(A)與(C)均是
(A)19. 經濟學的「效率」(Efficiency)是指：
(A)消費者與生產者的「總剩餘」最大 (B)生產者的平均成本最小
(C)消費者的「總效益」最大 (D)以上皆是
(D)20. 「價值的矛盾」可以合理解釋的方法，是：
(A)水的消費者剩餘多、鑽石的少 (B)水的供給多、鑽石的供給少
(C)價格決定於邊際效益，而非總效益 (D)以上均可
第貳部分：問答題(共60分)
一、某個產品市場上有A、B、C三類消費者。A類消費者有100位，每個A類消費者的個人需
求曲線為P=2.5-1/2q；B類消費者有300位，每個B類消費者的個人需求曲線為P=10-q
；C類消費者有200位，每個C類消費者的個人需求曲線為P=4-1/2q。請求出該產品的
市場需求曲線。(15分)
二、下表為阿Ken與納豆生產一單位稻米的邊際成本(單位為元)資料。
╴╴╴╴╴╴╴╴╴╴╴╴
稻米(X) 布(Y)
￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣
阿Ken 30 40
納豆 35 25
￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣
請根據上表回答問題(15分)
1.在比較利益原則下，兩人是否會分工專業化？若會的話，各專業化生產何種物
品？
2.若每個人的總資金都有1,200元，請問專業化生產後兩人各會生產多少單位的
物品？
3.承上題，兩人達成專業化協議後，專業生產稻米的一方，必須以一單位稻米換
取X單位布之比率，向專業化生產布的一方從事交易。若為了雙方均能同意此
項協議，請算出X之可能範圍為何？
三、某完全競爭市場的市場求函數為P=200-Q，市場供給函數為P=Q，其中P為產品價格，
而Q 為產品數量。今政府採取價格管制，規定產品價格不得高於$75。與沒有管制時
相比，回答以下問題(10分)
1.繪出管制前的供需線，並計算均衡價格、均衡數量、消費者剩餘與生產者剩
餘。
Ans:均衡價格=100、均衡數量=100、消費者剩餘=5,000、生產者剩餘=5,000
2.價格管制下，有無超額需求或超額供給？數量為何？
Ans:超額需求 125-75=50單位
3.價格管制所造成的消費者剩餘，增加或減少，多少？
Ans:增加1,562.5
4.所造成的生產者剩餘，增加或減少，多少？
Ans:減少2,187.5
5.除了絕對損失外，有無其他效率上的損失？若有，最多是多少？最少是多少
Ans:效率損失介於0~3,750之間
四、假設台大水源校區每次拍賣腳踏車的供給量為Qs=100，學生的需求函數為Qd=1000-
1/2P。請回答以下問題。(10分)
1.假設台大水源校區放任腳踏車價格由市場自由決定，此時市場均衡價格
(P*,Q*)為多少？
Ans:(1,800 , 100)
2.承上題，此時的消費者剩餘、生產者剩餘各為多少？
Ans:消費者剩餘=10,000、生產者剩餘=180,000
3.假設台大水源校區把腳踏車訂為每台400元，會有多少人想買而買不到腳踏車
？又什麼樣的人可以買到腳踏車？
Ans:會有700人買不到。保留價格在400元以上者，透過排隊、抽籤等產率損失
的方式取得腳踏車。
4.承上題，此時的絕對損失為多少？
Ans:0
5.承題3.，價格從P*降為400元的需求彈性為多少?請用文字解釋你所算出來的
值。
Ans:11/9；略
五、繪圖並說明完全競爭廠商(標示兩軸與AC,AVC,MC AR,MR):(10分)
1.利潤為正的均衡，以及此時的利潤
2.短期供給線(說明什麼是短期供給線，以及為什麼它是)
第參部分、是非簡答題(每題4分，共20分)
注意：必須先答：是、非或不一定，也必須簡短說明，沒有說明，就沒有分數
1. 近期中國大陸觀光客大量湧入台灣，結果使得台灣特產售價大漲。這表示大陸觀光客
對台灣特產的需求彈性很高。
Ans:非。台灣特產供給彈性小，因此需求增加價格會大漲。
2. 最近高鐵漲價，台鐵票價不變，如此造成旅客對高鐵的需求減少、顧客流失。
Ans:非。需求→需求量
3. 2012年美國遭遇半世紀以來最嚴重的旱災，美國農民收入卻創下歷史高峰。這個現象
是可以用經濟學解釋的。
Ans:是。顯示農產品需求彈性小於1，使產量減少時發生總收入(TR)增加之情形。
4. 天龍國政府認為價格是萬惡之源，因而決議取消價格。但他們相信市場均衡數量還是
最好，所以還是生產供需線相交對應的Q*。這樣，也就不會減少經濟效率。
Ans:非。沒有價格的話必然要用其他標準來決定誰來生產或消費，因此就不能保證生產
Q*是用最低成本生產得到最大效益，亦即社會有「其他效益損失」。
5. 農人種植水果。隨者水果逐漸成熟，果價卻一再下跌。眼看這季水果一定賠錢，農人
還是只能認命的採收出售。
Ans:不一定。P>AVC繼續採收；P<AVC停止採收。
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