[試題] 98上 駱明慶 經濟學原理一 期中考
課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習一
課程性質︰必修兼A5通識
課程教師︰駱明慶
開課學院：社會科學院
開課系所︰經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰98/11/16
考試時限（分鐘）：110分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
一、單選題，回答正確選項即可，不需說明。每題3分，共45分。
1.For markets to work well, there must be
(a) market power
(b) a central planner
(c) property rights
(d) abundant, not scarce,resources.
2.Suppose an economy produces two goods, food and machines. This economy always
operates on its production possibilities frontier. Last year, it produced 50
units of food and 30 machines. This year, it is producing 55 units of food
and 33 machines. Which of the following events could not explain the
increase in output?
(a) a redution in unemployment
(b) an increase in available labor
(c) an improvement in technology
(d) Any of these events could explain the increase in output.
3.Which of the following is an example of a normative, as opposed to positive,
statements?
(a) Universal health care would be good for U.S. citizens.
(b) An increase in the cigarette tax would cause a decrease in the number of
smokers.
(c) A decrease in the minimum wage would decrease unemployment.
(d) Higher gasoline prices will reduce gasoline consumption.
4.Suppose that a worker in Agland can produce either 10 units of organic grain
or 15 units of incense per year, and a worker in Zenland can produce either
5 units of organic grain or 15 units of incense per year. There are 20
workers in Agland and 10 workers in Zenland. Currently the two countries do
not trade. Agland produces and consumes 100 units of grain and 20 units of
incense per year. Zenland produces and consumes 50 units of grain and no
incense per year. If each country made the decision to specialize in
producing the good in which it has a comparative advantage, then the combined
yearly output of the two countries would increase by
(a) 30 units of grain and 100 units of incense
(b) 30 units of grain and 150 units of incense
(c) 50 units of grain and 90 units of incense
(d) 50 units of grain and 130 units of incense
5.What will happen to the equilibrium price of new textbooks if more students
attend college, paper becomes cheaper, textbook authors accept lower
royalties, and fewer used textbooks are sold?
(a) Price will rise.
(b) Price will fall.
(c) Price will stay exactly the same.
(d) The price change will be ambiguous.
6.If the price elasticity of demand for tuna is 0.7, then a 1.5% increase in
the price of tuna will decrease the quantity demanded of tuna by
(a) 1.05%,and tuna seller's total revenue will increase as a result.
(b) 1.05%,and tuna seller's total revenue will decrease as a result.
(c) 2.14%,and tuna seller's total revenue will increase as a result.
(d) 2.14%,and tuna seller's total revenue will decrease as a result.
7.A binding price floor will reduce a firm's total revence
(a) always.
(b) when demand is elastic.
(c) when demand is inelastic.
(d) never.
8.Suppose your own demand curve for tomatoes slopes downward. Suppose also
that, for the last tomato you bought this week, you paid a price exactly
equal to your willingness to pay. Then
(a) you should buy more tomatoes before the end of the week.
(b) you already have bought too many tomatoes this week.
(c) your consumer surplus on the last tomato you bought is zero.
(d) tour consumer surplus on all of all of the tomatoes you have bought this
week is zero.
9.Coffee and tea are substitutes. Bad weather that sharply reduces the coffee
bean harvest would
(a) increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer
surplus in the market of tea.
(b) increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer
surplus in the market of tea.
(c) decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer
surplus in the market of tea.
(d) decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer
surplus in the market of tea.
10.A tax of $0.25 is imposed on each bag of potato chips that is sold. The tax
decreases producer surplus by $600 per day, generates tax revenue of $1,220
per day, and decreases the equilibrium quantity of potato chips by 120 bags
per days. The tax
(a) decreases consumer surplus by $645 per day.
(b) decreases the equilibrium quantity from 6,000 bags per day to 5,880 bags
per day.
(c) decreases total surplus from $3,000 to $1,800 per day.
(d) creates a dadweight loss of $15 per day.
11.The before-trade price of fish in Denmark is $10.00 per pound. The world
price of fish is $6.00 per pound. Denmark is a price-taker in the fish
market. If Denmark begins to allow trade in fish, its consumers of fish will
become
(a) better off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance
the citizens of Denmark will become better off.
(b) worse off, its producer of fish will become better off, and on balance the
citizens of Denmark will become worse off.
(c) worse off,its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the
citizens of Denmark will become worse off.
(d) better off, its produces of fish will become worse off,and on balance the
citizens of Denmark will become better off.
12.Which of the following is true of markets characterized by positive
externalities?
(a) Social value exceeds private value, and market quantity exceeds the
socially optimal quantity.
(b) Social value is less than private value, and market quantity is less than
the socially optimal quantity.
(c) Social value exceeds private value, and market quantity is less than the
socially optimal quantity.
(d) Social value seldom exceeds private value; therefore, socially optimal
quantity is less than private quantity.
13.Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Medical research can be an example of a public good.
(b) The private market will tend to undersupply public goods.
(c) The free-rider problem occurs when a good is nonexcludable.
(d) All goods provided by the government are public goods.
14.Four firend decide to meet at a Chinese reataurant for dinner. They decided
that each person will order an item off the menu, and they will share all
dishes. They will split the cost od the final bill evenly among each of the
people at the table. A tragedy of the Commons problem is likely for each of
the following reasons except
(a) each person has an incentive to eat as fast as possible since their
individual rate of consumption will not affect their individual goods.
(b) there is an externality associated with eating the food on the table.
(c) when one person eats, he may not take into account how his choice affects
his friends.
(d) each dish would be both excludable and rival in con sumption.
15.Mike and Bob are both in the same enclosed hotel room. Mike assigns a $20
value to smoking his cigar. Bob values somke-free air at $10. Which of the
following scenarios is a successful example of the Coase theorem?
(a) Bob offers Mike $15 not to smoke his cigar. Mike accepts and does not
smoke.
(b) Mike pays Bob $11 so that Mike can smoke his cigar.
(c) Mike pays Bob $9 so that Mike can smoke his cigar.
(d) Bob offers Mike $10 not to smoke his cigar. Mike accepts and does not
somke.
二、非選擇題，共55分。答題時請務必簡要清楚，並適當說明你的想法，答案以能讓閱卷
者瞭解為原則。
1.(10分)請回答以下問題。
(a)(5分)請由供給面和需求面分別說明，為什麼近年來世界各國等候器官移植的人越來越
多？
(b)(5分)澎湖縣西嶼鄉有八個村，97學年度有國小學生378人，國小教師85人。請問西嶼
鄉有幾所小學？
2.(15分)我國國民對大學教育的需求為P=60-2Q，P和Q的單位分別為「萬元」和「萬人」。
假設大學教育的單位成本為固定的20萬元，因此大學教育的供給為P=20的水平線。
請回答以下問題:
(a)(4分)畫出大學教育的供需圖，並於圖上標明均衡價格和均衡數量分別為何?均衡時社會
總剩餘為多少？(提示:1萬乘以1萬等於1億。)
(b)(4分)我國大學教育的特性是政府同時制定學費和錄取學生數。某個年代教育部規定大
學招生人數為3萬人，學費為2萬元，學費與固定成本之間的差額則由政府完全補貼。請
問，此時大學的錄取率為何？(即實際就學人數佔需求量的比例。)消費者剩餘、政府補
貼、社會總剩餘和絕對損失(deadweight loss)又分別為何？
(c)(4分)政府呼應人民「打開大學窄門」的要求，將招生人數增加為10萬人，但繼續採取
所謂的「低學費政策」，學費仍為2萬元。請問，此時政府補貼、絕對損失、社會總剩
餘和消費者剩餘分別為何？相較於(b)小提，社會總剩餘增加或減少？
(d)(3分)低學費政策之下，大學教育的供給量小於需求量，我國入學制度主要以考試成績
決定入學機會的分配。請由消費者願付價格、考試成績以及家庭背景三者高度正相關
的事實，說明為什麼有人認為我國的低學費政策是一種「逆向」的所得重分配？
3.(15分)某熱門課程深受學生歡迎，初選有300人選上。不過，開學後由於大型教室難覓，
該課程修課人數必須減少為150人。假設學生可以分為三類，每類型各有100人。A類學生
非常想修這門課，只願接受至少$3000的代價後退選，我們稱$3000為其「願退價格」。B
，C兩類學生的願退價格則分別為$1000和$100。
(a)(4分)由效率的角度來看，這三類學生應該各有多少人退選？此時這門課為學生創造出
來的總價值為多少？
(b)(4分)由於個別學生的「願退價格」只有學生自己知道，且多數學生認為選課是學生的
權利，只好以抽籤來決定退選學生。請問，被抽中退選的機率為何？此時這門課創造出
來的預期總價值為何？
(c)(4分)承(b)，假設未被抽中退選的學生可以取得一張「可轉賣的授權碼」，學生重新上
網憑授權碼選課，並假設各類學生恰好有50人取得授權碼。請問，此時誰會賣出授權碼
？誰會買入授權碼？交易價格為何？這門課創造出來的總價值為何？
(d)(3分)現行制度以年級決定選課順位，高年級的順位較高。請問只有當學生所屬類別和
年級之間的關係為何時，這個制度所決定的修課學生才會是有效率的？
4.(15分)海湖村有10個村民，村民可以由編織竹籃或到湖裡捕魚來賺取生活費。湖裡的魚
數目有限，越多人去捕魚會使每個人的漁獲量變少。捕魚人數和每人漁獲價值的關係如
下： If = 14 - 2 ×n
其中n為捕魚人數，If為每人每日所得。此外，編織竹籃的每日所得為$2。
(a)(5分)村民各自獨立進行編織竹籃或捕魚的決策時，將有多少人去捕魚？有多少人編織
竹籃？全村的總收入為何？
(b)(3分)當捕魚人數為n*時，全村的總收入可以達到最大。如果令(a)小提的捕魚人數為na
請問n*應會大於、小於或等於na？為什麼？
(c)(4分)承(b)，使全村總收入達到最大的捕魚人數n*為何？
(d)(3分)承(c)村民決定拍賣n*張捕魚執照，無照者不得捕魚，並將拍賣所得做為全村的共
同經費。請問，此時村民最多願意付多少錢來取得一張捕魚執照？
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