[試題] 98上 黃貞穎 個體經濟學一 期中考
課程名稱︰ 個體經濟學一
課程性質︰ 系定必修
課程教師︰ 黃貞穎
開課學院： 社科院
開課系所︰ 經濟系
考試日期（年月日）︰ 98/11/09
考試時限（分鐘）： 120 mins
是否需發放獎勵金： 是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
1. There are only two goods in this world, apples and oranges. Denote the
price of apples by Pa and that of oranges by Po. Denote a consumption
bundle of x units of apples and y units of oranges by (x,y).
John in Taipei is an utility maximizer. You observe that when Pa = 2 and
Po = 1 and his income is 120, his unique optimal choice is (40,40). Over
a short period of time when his preference should be quite stable, you
further observe that: when Pa = 1 and Po = 1,and his income is 120, his
unique optimal choice is (80,40); when Pa = 1 and Po = 1,and his income
is 80, his unique optimal choice is (160/3,80/3).
(a) (20%) Decompose the total effect on apples into Slutsky substitution
effect and income effect when the price of apples changes from 2 to
1, the price of oranges stays at 1 and John’s income stays at 120.
John in Kaohsiung is another utility maximizer. You observe that
when Pa = 2 and Po = 2 and his income is 80, his unique optimal
choice is (10,30).when Pa = 1 and Po = 2,and his income is 140, his
unique optimal choice is (20,60).
(b) (20%) We say that John in Taipei and John in Kaohsiung have the
same preference if their preferences are exactly the same so that
whenever one weakly prefers a bundle to another bundle, so will
the other and vice versa. From the data given you above, can you
make a logical inference on whether it is possible that John in Taipei
and John in Kaohsiung have the same preference? If your answer is
positive, briefly explain why and make an educated guess about what
their preference could be. If your answer is negative, briefly argue
why it is impossible that they have the same preference.
2. Consider a very poor consumer who spends his daily income of $200 on bread
(X) which costs $25 per unit and milk (Y) which costs $50 per unit. His
preferences can be described by the utility function
U(X,Y) = X*Y
(a) (10%) Find this person’s daily consumption of bread and milk.
(b) (10%) Given this consumer’s preferences, are bread and milk normal
or inferior goods? Explain how you know.
(c) (20%) Because this consumer is so poor, he must worry about getting
the minimum daily amount of an important nutrient that he needs
to stay alive. He gets one unit of the nutrient per unit of bread and
one unit of the nutrient per unit of milk. He needs at least 6 units
of this nutrient per day to stay alive. Draw this consumer’s budget
set, taking account of both this subsistence constraint and his dollar
budget constraint. (Hint: His budget set should now be the part of
his dollar budget set which gives him at least 6 units of nutrient.)
Does the consumption bundle you found in (a) satisfy the consumer’s
subsistence constraint?
(d) (20%) Now suppose the price of bread rises to $30 per unit. Draw
the consumer’s new budget set. Find the consumer’s new optimal
amounts of bread and milk, taking account of both his dollar budget
constraint and his subsistence constraint.
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