[試題] 97上 齊東耿 歐洲文學 期中考
課程名稱︰歐洲文學1350-1800
課程性質︰必修
課程教師︰齊東耿
開課學院 文學院
開課系所︰外文系
考試日期（年月日）2008/11/14︰
考試時限（分鐘）：180分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是 謝謝
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
Part 1: Petrarch [30 points]
Shakespeare, Sonnet #130
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun,
Coral is far more red than her lips' red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; (dun = dingy brown)
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
I have seen roses damasked, red and white, (damasked = parti-colored)
But no such roses see I in her cheeks,
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. (reeks = rises like smoke)
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound.
I grant I never saw a goddess go: (go = to walk, or hover)
My mistress when she walks treads on the ground.
And yetm by heaven, I think my love as rare (rare = precious, exceptional)
As any she belied with false compare.
Shakespeare's sonnet is evidently a commentary on this and other Petrarchan
sonnets, indeed on the very notion of Petrarchan love.
What is Petrarchan love?
Give a reading of Sonnet 90 that answers this question, then comment on
Shakespeare's ironic response.
Petrarch, Sonnet #90
Her golden hair was loosed to the breeze,
Which turned it in a thousand sweet knots,
And the lovely light burned without measure in her eyes,
Which are now so stingy of it;
And it seemed to me (I know not whether truly or falsely)
Her face took on the color of pity:
I, who had the tinder of love in my breast,
What wonders is it if I suddenly caught fire?
Her walk was notthat of a mortal thing but of some angelic form,
And her words sounded different from a merely human voice:
A celestial voice,
A living sun was what I saw,
And if she were not such now,
A wound is not healed by the loosening of the bow.
Part 2: Dates, Facts and Terms [30 points]
1)What does the word "Renaissnace" mean?
2)When was Pantagruel published?
3)Where did Petrarch grow up (be specific)?
4)What world-historical event occurred in 1439?
5)Who was the wife or mother of all the kings of France from 1533-1589?
6)When was the first edition of Montaigne's Essais published?
7)When was the Praise of Folly first published?
8)What world-historical event occurred in 1453?
9)When was Erasmus' first bible edition published?
10)What happened on August 24, 1572?
11)What happened on April 6, 1327?
12)Where did Michel de Montaigne grow up (be specific)?
13)What happened on April 8, 1341?
14)Explain the multiple significance of the year 1492. [2 points]
15)What does the term "Renaissance" refer to? [2 points]
16)What is an encomium?
17)What goddess is the arch-enemy of Folly?
18)Who is Pantagruel's father?
19)What is sarcasm? [2 points]
20)Who is Alcofribas Nasier?
21)Who is Panurge?
22)What is the stated subject of Mantaigne's book of essays?
23)What is burlesque? [2 points]
24)What is the motto of the Abbey of Theleme?
25)What was Montaigne's motto?
26)When Gargantua finishes his quest and arrives at the Oracle de la Bouteille,
what advice does he receive?
Part 3a: Short Answer [15 points]
Choose 3 out of the following 5 questions and answer briefly but substantially
in a few sentences.
1)Who was Thomas More, and what does he have to do with anything?
2)Why was Erasmus' bible (and subsequently Luther's, based on it) so important?
3)How is Folly the most giving and least honored of the gods?
4)What is wrong with cannibalism, and why do Montaigne's cannibals eat each
other?
5)Describe a typical Quest Romance plot.
Part 3b: Short Answer [15 points]
Choose 3 out of the following 5 question and answer briefly but substantially
in a few snetences.
6)Why did the Renaissance happen (first) in Northern Italy (Florence)?
7)What is Humanism?
8)What were the main causes of the Protestant Reformation?
9)What is Stoicism?
10)What is Rabelaisian humor?
Part 4: Montaigne [10 points]
Choose one and answer intelligently.
a)'In the year of Christ 1571, at the age of thirty-eight, on the last day of
February, his birthday, Michel de Montaigne, long weary of the servitude
of the court and of public employment, while still entire, retired to the
bosom of the learned virgins, where in calm and freedom from all cares he
will spend what little remains of his life, now more than half run out. If
the fates permit, he will complete this abode, this sweet ancestral retreat;
and he has consecrated it to his freedom, tranquility, and leisure.'
Relate this self description of Montaigne to his Epicureanism. What is
Epicureanism and how is Montaigne a Renaissance example it?
b)Aristotle's Poetics §9:
"The poet's task is to speak not of events which have occurred, but of the
kind of events which could occur and are possible by the standards of
probability and necessity. The presence or absence of meter does not
determine a poet or historian: the difference lies in the fact that one
speaks of events that have occurred; the other of the sort of events that
could occur. It is for this reason that poetry is more philosophical and
more serious than history, since poetry speaks more of universals, history
of particulars."
How does this famous statement of Aristotle'a explain the philosophy of the
Essays, for example, as described explicitly in "Of the Power of the
Imagination"?
c)"We are all patchwork, and so shapeless and diverse in composition that each
bit, each moment, plays its own game. And there is as much difference
between us and ourselves as between us and others. Consider it a great thing
to play the part of one single man [writes Seneca]."
What do these lines from "Of the Inconsistency of our Actions" mean?
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