[轉錄][情報] 生態學考古題
本文章轉錄自NTU-Exam版
祝大家考試順利^^
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作者 wyss (口袋的天空~) 看板 NTU-Exam
標題 [試題] 95下 生態學 期中考
時間 Thu Jun 28 13:11:04 2007
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課程名稱︰生態學
課程性質︰
課程教師︰高文媛
開課學院：生命科學院
開課系所︰
考試日期（年月日）︰2007/04/02
考試時限（分鐘）：110 min
是否需發放獎勵金：yes
試題 :
I.單選題 (每題2分，共40分)
1. An ecosystem is defined as
A. all the organisms that live in an area.
B. the physical environment with which organisms interact.
C. an association of interacting species.
D. all of the organisms that live in an area and the physical environment
with which they interact.
E. all of the individuals of a single species that live in an area and
2. Physiological ecologists study
A. nutrint cycling and energy flow through ecosystems.
B. exchanges of materials, energy, and organisms between communities.
C. physiological and anatomical mechanisms by which organisms deal with
variation in their physical and chemical environment.
D. physiological and anatomical mechanisms by which organisms deal with
variation in their social environment.
E. None of the choices are correct.
3. Bluefin tuna and mackerel sharks are considered to be
A. poikilotherm B. homeotherm C. endotherm
D. heterotherm E. two of the choices are correct.
4. The potential for evaporative water loss by terrestrial organisms
A. decreases with increased vapor pressure deficit.
B. decreases with decreased vapor pressure deficit.
C. increases with decreased vapor pressure deficit.
D. increases with increased vapor pressure deficit.
E. None of the choices are correct.
5. The group of organisms contains the most trophic diversity:
A. Plantae B. Animalia C. Prokaryotes
D. Fungi E. Protista
6.You are a student working in the laboratory of a researcher who studies
rainbow trout. A power outage over the weekend results in temperatures of
over 25℃ in the large pools which house the fish. When you arrive Monday
morning you notice the fish are swimming on their sides or swimming in
spirals. What conclusions can you draw?
A. the fish are suffering thermal stress.
B. the fish are experiencing improper neuronal function
C. the affinity of acetylcholinesterase for acetylcholine is reduced
D. the temperature of the water is affecting fish enzyme shape and
flexibility
E. All of the choices are correct
7. A(n)_____________ marine fish gains water through osmosis and loses salts
through diffusion.
A. hyperosmotic B. hypoosmotic C. isosmotic
D. osmotic E. None of the choices are correct.
8. When an organism becomes acclimated to a new environmental situation; it
will generally involve
A. physiological changes.
B. genetic changes.
C. sociological changes.
D. both physiological changes and genetic changes.
E. both genetic changes and sociological changes.
9. Which of the following word pairs are mismatched?
A. random distribution: aggressive interaction
B. clumped distribution: attraction to a common source
C. regulate distribution: antagonistic behaviors
D. large scale distribution: substantial environmental changes
E. small scale distribution: insignificant environmental changes
10. According to the results of Philips and MacMahon, which of the following
relationships of variance to mean shrub density would be expected for
young creosote bushes?
A. variance=mean B. variance> mean C. variance<mean
D. variance/mean<1 E. variance/mean=1
11. Ehleringer and Clark found that variation in leaf pubescence among plants
of the genus Encelia appears to correspond to the distribution of these
species along a _______ gradient from the California coast eastward.
A. light intensity B. moisture C. temperature
D. both light intensity and moisture E. both moisture and temperature
12. Caughley found the distributions of the three largest kangaroo species in
Australia are mainly determined by
A.hunting pressure.
B.severe competition for densites.
C.severe predaion.
D.climate
E.All of the choices are correct.
13. In a _______ distribution, individuals have a much higher probability of
being found in some than on others.
A.regulate B. clumped C.uniform
D.random E.partitioned
14. Out of 1 million eggs laid by mackerel, more than 999,990 die during the
first 70 days of life either as eggs, larva, or juveniles. The mackerel
has a __________ survivorship curve.
A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III
D. Type IV E. Type V
15. Which of the following equations bests epresents the per capita rate of
increase?
A.r=T/(ln Ro) B. r=(lnRo)/T C. λ= Nt/(Nt+1)
D. λ=(Nt+1)/Nt E. None of the choices are correct.
16. dN/dt = r maxN[(K-N)/K] represents
A. annual growth rate B. geometric population growth
C. exponential growth rate D. logistic growth
E. None of the choices are correct.
17. An annual plant when initially colonizing an area will probably
deminstrate
A.annual growth rate B. geometric population growth
C.exponential growth rate D. logistic growth
E. None of the choices are correct.
18. In the logistic model of population growth if r>0 then
A.the population declines. B.population growth stops.
C.N>K E.N<K
E. both the population declines and N<K
19. Which of the following environments for germinating seed is likely to
favor
a plant species that makes many small seeds, compared to one that makes
fewer larger seeds?
A.nutrient limitation B. competition from established plants
C.shade D. deep burial in soil
E. disturbance
20. Because natural selection has shaped fish life histories,
A. fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age.
B. fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age.
C. fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large
amounts of energy in reproduction.
D. Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger
age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest
relatively
large amounts of energy in reproduction are true.
E. Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older
age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest
relatively
large amounts of energy in reproduction are true.
II.解釋名詞 (每題5分，共30分)
1. macroclimate vs. microclimate
2. abundance and density
3. life tavle and fecundity schedule
4. intrinsic rate of increase vs. realized per capita rate of increase
5. life history and reproduction effort
6. science and scientific method
III. Short essay (30 points)
1. What is "Ecology"? Name the main levels of study in Ecology. Write a
question asked by ecologists working at each level.(10 points)
2. Explain "optimal foraging theory" and "principle of allocation" (10
points).
3. Suppose you are studying a community of small mammals that live on the
boundary between a forest (dominated by C3 plants) and a grassland
(dominate
by C4 grass). One of your concerns is to discover the relative
contributions
of the grassland and the forest to the nutrient of small mammals living
between the two ecosystems. Design a research program to find out. (Hint:
You might want ti use stable isotope technique) (10 points).
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※ john97611017:轉錄至看板 LifeSci_94 03/28 22:52
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03/29 21:01, , 1F
03/29 21:01, 1F