Hobbes, Leviathan, chap. XV. Of other Lawes of Nature
Last two paragraphs:
from here:
http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/2/0/3207/3207-h/3207-h.htm#2H_4_0177
And the Science of them, is the true and onely Moral Philosophy. For Morall
Philosophy is nothing else but the Science of what is Good, and Evill, in the
conversation, and Society of mankind. Good, and Evill, are names that
signifie our Appetites, and Aversions; which in different tempers, customes,
and doctrines of men, are different: And divers men, differ not onely in
their Judgement, on the senses of what is pleasant, and unpleasant to the
tast, smell, hearing, touch, and sight; but also of what is conformable, or
disagreeable to Reason, in the actions of common life. Nay, the same man, in
divers times, differs from himselfe; and one time praiseth, that is, calleth
Good, what another time he dispraiseth, and calleth Evil: From whence arise
Disputes, Controversies, and at last War. And therefore so long as man is in
the condition of meer Nature, (which is a condition of War,) as private
Appetite is the measure of Good, and Evill: and consequently all men agree on
this, that Peace is Good, and therefore also the way, or means of Peace,
which (as I have shewed before) are Justice, Gratitude, Modesty, Equity,
Mercy, & the rest of the Laws of Nature, are good; that is to say, Morall
Vertues; and their contrarie Vices, Evill. Now the science of Vertue and
Vice, is Morall Philosophie; and therfore the true Doctrine of the Lawes of
Nature, is the true Morall Philosophie. But the Writers of Morall
Philosophie, though they acknowledge the same Vertues and Vices; Yet not
seeing wherein consisted their Goodnesse; nor that they come to be praised,
as the meanes of peaceable, sociable, and comfortable living; place them in a
mediocrity of passions: as if not the Cause, but the Degree of daring, made
Fortitude; or not the Cause, but the Quantity of a gift, made Liberality.
These dictates of Reason, men use to call by the name of Lawes; but
improperly: for they are but Conclusions, or Theoremes concerning what
conduceth to the conservation and defence of themselves; whereas Law,
properly is the word of him, that by right hath command over others. But yet
if we consider the same Theoremes, as delivered in the word of God, that by
right commandeth all things; then are they properly called Lawes.
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還記得我當年的那些英國同學，讀這個古英文時也是該該叫...
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