[其他] 看英語文章必記的50個拉丁語詞匯
看英語文章必記的50個拉丁語詞匯
http://www.hjenglish.com/new/p405752/
While there may not be cities and countries full of people speaking Latin th
ese days, that doesn't mean the ancient language is something you can just f
orget about. Not only are many of our words in English (not to mention many
other languages) derived from Latin, but many of its words words are still u
sed in today's daily speaking and writing. So while you may not need to lear
n to speak or read the Latin language fluently, it can still be a big help i
n your quest for higher education to know a few words and phrases. Here are
some of the most commonly used Latin expressions that you should learn to st
art improving your personal lexicon.
雖然現在沒有一個城市或者一個國家在用古拉丁語，但這不意味著我們應該徹底忘記這
種語言。事實上，不僅僅在英語（和其他很多語言）中有許多單詞都是從拉丁文衍生出
來的，在日常的寫作和交流中一些拉丁單詞仍被使用得很頻繁。所以雖然你不需要系統
地學習和掌握拉丁語，但是記住一些常被用到的拉丁詞匯和短語無疑會對你的大學學習
幫很大的忙。下面列舉出的就是那些最常用到的拉丁文的表述，相信記住了這些拉丁詞
匯你的個人詞庫會飛躍不止一個檔次！
Must-Learn Terms 必記的術語
If you don't know these Latin terms, get to learning them ASAP, as they are
commonly used in speaking and writing and may be hard to avoid.
Per se: （就其本身而言）The direct translation of this term is "by itself" a
nd it means just that when used in English as well. You could use it to say
that you don't find chemistry boring per se (by itself, intrinsically), but
this professor's voice puts you to sleep. 例如：就化學本身而言我并不討厭它，
可是教授上課的聲音總是讓我想打瞌睡。
Vice versa: （反之亦然） From the Latin meaning "to change" or "turn around,
" this term means to reverse the order of something . This quote from Samuel
Butler provides an example, "In the midst of vice we are in virtue, and vic
e versa."
Alma mater: （母校 尤指大學）If you don't know this term already, you'll bec
ome quite familiar with it once you graduate from college. The literal trans
lation is "dear/bountiful mother" but you'll find it used in everyday langua
ge to denote the college or university from which one has graduated.
Magnum opus（大師之作/絕好的藝術作品）: Whether it's in writing, painting, s
culpture or music, this Latin term denotes the greatest work done by an arti
st-- a true masterpiece.
Bona fide（在法律術語中指良好的意圖/一般表示真誠的和善意的）: While it's lit
eral translation means "good faith" this term has a few different shades of
meaning in modern language. In legal terms, it is used to represent somethin
g that is presented without deception or fraud, or literally in good faith,
honest, sincere and lawful. It is more commonly used to mean something that'
s the real deal or truly authentic.
Quasi（類似的，有如）: In Latin, this word means as if or as though and in E
nglish it is used as both an adjective in its own right and as a part of a c
ompound word. It simply designates something that resembles something else b
ut doesn't quite have all the same features.
Alter ego（密友，或者個性的另一面）: Cicero coined this term, most likely ta
ken from the Greek, to mean "a second self" or "another I" and its modern me
aning hasn't changed much today. Many people have an alter ego, or another,
perhaps hidden aspect of themselves. One example from popular culture is Bey
once's alter ego, Sasha Fierce.
Verbatim（逐字逐句的/地）: If you repeat something verbatim you repeat it in
exactly the same words, word for word with no changes and no improvisation.
Status quo（現狀）: From the Latin meaning "the state in which" this term is
used today to designate the existing state or condition of things. For exam
ple, if you're making money off of a high pollution industry it is to your i
nterests to maintain the status quo when it comes to environmental law.
Writing 寫作的時候常用到的拉丁文
Knowing just what these terms and words mean can be a big help in improving
your reading comprehension.
知道這些拉丁文可以有效地提高你的閱讀理解能力。
Sic（這個是指原作品中出現了錯誤，編輯在此指出）: Found in writing, this Lati
n word most commonly finds a home in brackets (like this: [sic]) when quotin
g a statement or writing. It indicates that there is a spelling or grammar e
rror (or just something out of the ordinary) in the original quotation and t
hat the publication has only reproduced it faithfully, not made an error of
their own.
Id est（縮寫是i.e.,通常在作者想要給出具體的例子和解釋的時候）: You've likely
seen this term in writing before, even if you weren't aware as it is common
ly abbreviated to i.e. In Latin, it means "that is" and is used in English w
hen the speaker or writer wants to give an example or explanation that speci
fies a statement.
Deus ex machina（解圍的人或事件）: In direct translation, this term means, "
God out of a machine" and it harkens back ancient Greek and Roman plays. Whe
n the plot would become too tangled or confusing, the writers would simply b
ring in God, lowered in via a pulley system (the machine) and he would wrap
it all up. Today, it's still used in literature to describe a plot where an
artificial or improbable means of resolving a conflict is used.
Exempli gratia（縮寫是e.g.,這通常會用在例子前面，for the sake of example）:
You'll often see this term abbreviated to e.g. in writing. It means "for the
sake of example" and when it see it in a sentence you can expect that is wi
ll be followed by some examples.
Et cetera（縮寫是etc. 意思是and the others還有其他的）: Few out there aren't
familiar with this term but may not know it as well when it's spelled out l
ike this and not abbreviated as etc. Meaning "and the others" it is used to
denote that a list of things could continue ad infinitum (see below for defi
nition) and that for the sake of brevity it's better to just wrap things up
with a simple etc.
Ex libris（專指書籍 從...圖書館來）: Back in the days when books were rarer
and more expensive commodities than they were today, it was common to mark y
our books with a label bearing your own name and this phrase which means "fr
om the library of." While not as common today, some true bibliophiles still
use the labels.
Ibidem（縮寫是ibid,常被用在文獻頁，指同一個資料來源被引用了兩次）: Another a
bbreviated term, this word is more commonly seen in research writing in the
form of "ibid." From the Latin for "in the same place" it is found in footno
tes and bibliographies to designate that the same source has been cited twic
e in succession.
Et alii（縮寫是et al, 通常用在一本合著的書的某一個作者名字之后以省略羅列其他
的作者名字）: You're unlikely to encounter this Latin phrase in its unabbrev
iated form, and will most likely only ever see it as et al when included. Th
is is also a term that is found in footnotes and bibliographies which allows
writers to refer to a large number of authors without having to write each
name out (for example, you could say that your source is Dr. Henry Jones et
al.)
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