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The advantages besides the lack of moving parts are the quasi-parallel
measurement of the whole spectrum, which reduces the measuring time. Further
advantages are the robustness and the small dimensions. The Seya-Namioka
arrangement is further advantageous because of fewer optical elements, which
have to be adjusted. In case of imaging gratings mainly so-called flat field gratings
are used. This type of grating offers the advantage of a plane focal line, which can
be detected by the plane line array without big imaging errors.
Nevertheless, plane grating spectrometers as the Czerny-Turner show improved
optical properties because of better compensation possibilities of imaging errors.
Usually, the most efficient diffraction order of the grating is detected by the array;
the detection of other orders is avoided by design or suppressed by several means
(filters, ray traps).
One has to say, that array spectrometers show some disadvantages, too: The
integral illumination over the full wavelength range increases the stray light,
compared with monochromatic set-ups. Furthermore, the sensitivity is lower than
of a monochromator, which can even be fitted out with a photo multiplier. The
precision and resolution is normally less than that of laboratory instruments with a
turnable dispersive element.
The first array spectrometers included original gratings, manufactured by
holography (interference of a splitted laser beam) or mechanical ruling.
Holographic gratings show less stray light because of their better surface quality
than those of mechanically proceeded ones. Furthermore, it is possible to produce
holographic gratings with reduced imaging errors by a special design of the
exposure arrangement.
Such master gratings are replicated into epoxy layers (with an aluminium reflexion
layer and a protection coating) to reduce the costs of the spectrometer. A further
price reduction is obtained with a replication of the master gratings by injection
moulding into a plastics material, e.g. PMMA. This technique is useable for less
demanding applications because of a deterioration of the optical properties.
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10/16 18:42, , 1F
10/16 18:42, 1F