[轉錄]TAU 研究發現多語學習有助減緩心智退化
※ [本文轉錄自 TW-language 看板]
發信人: Astroviolin.bbs@bbs.ckcsc.info (Astroviolin), 看板: TW-language
標 題: TAU 研究發現多語學習有助減緩心智退化
發信站: 沉澱日記 (Mon Jul 21 15:04:49 2008)
轉信站: ptt!Group.NCTU!grouppost!Group.NCTU!CKCSC.BBS
兩篇文章
一篇是今天逛網路發現的
http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2008/new/jul/21/today-health3.htm
這是投書
因為他是引國外研究
所以看了之後我又去找來源
找到這篇
http://www.aftau.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=6983
所以兩篇都貼在下方跟大家分享 :P
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學習多種語言 有助減緩心智退化
文／柯俊銘
隨著年紀增長，許多民眾會抱怨「頭殼」變差。今年5月發表在國外「心理學與
老化」期刊的一份報告指出，平時若能學習多種語言，有助減緩年老造成的心智退化
。
該研究由以色列特拉維夫（Tel Aviv）大學臨床神經心理學家Gitit Kave博士所
主持，分析Baruch Modan教授於1989年調查蒐集的資料，探討學習語言多寡與腦機能
退化的相關性。
計有814人實際參與調查，年紀介於75至95歲，持續追蹤達12年。過程中，所有
人均接受3次晤談，詢問內容除基本資料外，還包括當事者懂得幾種語言、母語是什
麼、哪一種語言講的最好等。
另外，每次晤談結束也實施兩項神經心理測驗，藉以了解其注意力、記憶力、語
文理解等認知功能的程度，作為心智退化的參考依據。
◎最後個案依會的語言數被分為2種、3種與多種語言組，並進行比較。統計發現：
●懂得的語言數與測驗分數有密切關聯。個案會說的語言愈多，其認知功能似乎就愈
佳。
●關聯性在未受過教育者身上最強。未受過教育卻能說多種語言者，認知功能並沒有
較差，測驗表現反而比受過教育而只能說少數語言者好。
●教育程度雖與認知功能也具顯著關聯，但在測驗分數的預測力上，仍不若會說的語
言數來的強。
研究者表示，大腦運作的原理是「用進廢退」，越常操練，就會越靈光。學習多
種語言除能讓我們接觸不同文化，擴展知識、學問外，無形中也可以運動大腦，促使
神經元產生新的連結網絡，對於抗拒老化導致的腦機能衰退有潛移默化的效果。
有鑑於此，想要保養大腦，不妨勤練多種語言，增加學習的機會，對大腦機能維
護與職場實力累積都能有所裨益。
（作者為公職臨床心理師）
==============================================================================
TAU Study Finds Connection Between Mental Fitness and Multi-Lingualism
Wednesday, May 7, 2008
Can speaking another language slow the aging process in the mind?
Children who speak a second or third language may have an unexpected
advantage later in life, a new Tel Aviv University study has found. Knowing
and speaking many languages may protect the brain against the effects of
aging.
Dr. Gitit Kave, a clinical neuro-psychologist from the Herczeg Institute
on Aging at Tel Aviv University, together with her colleagues Nitza Eyal,
Aviva Shorek, and Jiska Cohen-Manfield, discovered recently that senior
citizens who speak more languages test for better cognitive functioning.
The results of her study were published in the journal Psychology and Aging.
However, Kave says that one should approach these findings with caution.
"There is no sure-fire recipe for avoiding the pitfalls of mental aging. But
using a second or third language may help prolong the good years," she
advises.
Exercising the Brain
A person who speaks more languages is likely to be more clear-minded at
an older age, she says, in effect "exercising" his or her brain more than
those who are monolingual. Languages may create new links in the brain,
contributing to this strengthening effect.
The research was based on a survey taken in 1989 on people between the
ages of 75 and 95. Each person was asked how many languages he or she knew,
what his or her mother tongue was, and which language he or she spoke best.
The researchers compared bilingual speakers to tri- and multilingual speakers.
Analyzing the results, the researchers found that the more languages a
person spoke, the better his or her cognitive state was. A person's level of
education was also strongly associated with cognitive state, but the number
of languages contributed to the prediction of cognitive fitness beyond the
effect of education alone.
A Matter of Words, Not Degrees
Although the easiest way to explain the findings was to point out the
relationship between higher education and number of languages, this was not
the whole story. In fact, Dr. Kave says, "We found that more languages were
most significantly correlated with cognitive state in those people who had no
education at all."
Dr. Kave, however, adds a note when interpreting the statistics. "The study
looked at the final result and not the cause," she says.
Use It or Lose It?
A future question for research, according to Kave, is whether languages
reflect an initial potential for prolonged mental fitness, or that learning
and speaking more languages actually do something to the brain over time.
While the controversy continues as to whether or not parents should
introduce their young children to a second language, Kave thinks that learning
a new language is only a good thing, even if it isn’t intended to stave off
mental decline in old age.
"In my professional opinion, learning a new language can only do good
things," she believes. "Other languages are good for you at any age. They
allow for a flexibility of thought and a channel for understanding another
culture better, as well as your own," says Kave.
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