[新聞] 參院多數黨領袖瑞德對於財政懸崖感到憂心
標題: 美國參院多數黨領袖瑞德(Harry Reid)對於財政懸崖感到憂心
新聞來源: (須有正確連結)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-20853624
US Senate leader Harry Reid voices fiscal cliff fear
美國參院多數黨領袖瑞德(Harry Reid)對於財政懸崖感到憂心
The US appears to be heading over the "fiscal cliff", with prospects dim for
a deal to avoid tax rises and spending cuts, the Senate majority leader says.
「當美國的財政似乎逐漸走向懸崖，對於想要避免增稅及減支的協商前景似乎不太樂觀
。」參院多數黨領袖說。
Speaking on the Senate floor, Democrat Harry Reid said there did not seem to
be enough time to craft a deal before Monday night's end-of-year deadline.
民主黨參議院領袖瑞德(Reid)日前在參議院發言時指出，想要趕在年底最後一刻完成協商
的時間是不夠的。
Senators and President Barack Obama have returned to Washington, while the
House of Representatives is in recess.
在眾議院還在休會期的時候，參議員們和總統已經提前回到華盛頓準備協商工作。
Analysts say heading over the "cliff" could tip the US into recession.
分析師指出，美國的財政懸崖可能會使美國經濟陷入衰退。
President Obama is reported to have spoken to congressional leaders by phone
on Wednesday for an update on the progress of talks.
消息指出歐巴馬在星期三的時候已經和議會領袖們透過電話交換意見和進展
Bickering over the cliff has divided Washington in recent weeks, with
President Obama and House Speaker John Boehner unable to reach a deal before
Christmas.
總統歐巴馬和眾議院議長貝納（John Boehner）對於財政懸崖的分歧已經讓華盛頓分裂了
好幾個星期，甚至沒辦法在聖誕節前取得共識。
The president wants to ensure that taxes do not rise for Americans earning
under $400,000 (?250,000), and insists on raising new tax revenue in any deal.
歐巴馬希望確保年收入在40萬美元以下的納稅人不會被列入增稅的行列，但堅持提高稅收
是勢在必行的。
'Dictatorship of the speaker'
But many Republicans oppose new taxes, and an alternative plan proposed by Mr
Boehner - which would have seen taxes rise only on those earning over $1m -
failed in the House late last week.
但共和黨反對白宮所推出的增稅政策，身為反對派之一的貝納提出了只向年收入超
過一百萬美金的納稅人增稅的替代方案，但仍舊是以失敗收場。
Republicans left Washington for Christmas and said responsibility for
avoiding the cliff rested with the Democratic-led Senate.
共和黨議員們紛紛離開華盛頓開始度聖誕假期，並且將協商失敗的責任歸咎於民主黨領導
的參議院。
But in the Senate chamber on Thursday Mr Reid said the requirement to get at
least 60 of 100 votes to move to a vote on any legislation almost certainly
doomed any new plan unless Republicans gave it strong backing.
但瑞德在星期四指出，想要通過任何法案必須至少獲得一百票中的六十票，除非得到共和
黨的支持，否則是過不了的。
"It looks like that's where we're headed," Mr Reid said of the fiscal cliff.
「看起來，財政懸崖是避免不了的了」瑞德說。
The Senate leader said the House of Representatives was "being operated with
a dictatorship of the speaker", accusing Mr Boehner of holding up a vote on a
Senate-passed bill to avoid the fiscal cliff.
參議院領袖認為眾議院被獨裁的議長給掌控了，他並且指責貝納阻礙了參議院為了避免財
政懸崖所通過的法案。
"John Boehner seems to care more about keeping his speakership than about
keeping the nation on sound financial footing," Mr Reid said. Mr Boehner
faces an internal re-election contest among House Republicans on 3 January.
瑞德說「約翰‧貝納(John Boehner)認為保住自己在眾院地位比健全國家的財政基礎還要
重要」。貝納正面臨一月三號的眾議院內部改選。
But Boehner spokesman Michael Steel responded to the comments by saying the
Senate leader should "talk less and legislate more".
但貝納的發言人Michael Steel回應了參議院領袖的言論「他可以少說話，多作事(推動法
案)」
"The House has already passed legislation to avoid the entire fiscal cliff.
Senate Democrats have not," Mr Steel said, according to the Washington Post.
華盛頓郵報報導，Michael宣稱「眾議院已經通過了法案 (延長所有美國人的減稅優惠，
取代全面減支措施，和參院的版本不同) 以避免財政懸崖，反而是參議院還沒有作為。」
'Extraordinary accounting'
The term fiscal cliff refers to the combination of almost $600bn (?370bn) of
tax rises and spending cuts due to come into force on 1 January if Congress
does not pass new legislation.
財政懸崖的項目涵蓋了透過增稅和減少開支，如果沒有通過新的法案來替代的話，這項計
畫將會在明年一月一號開始實施，預計可以替美國財政增加將近6000億美元的收入。
Sweeping tax cuts passed during the presidency of George W Bush will expire,
affecting people of all income levels, and many businesses.
在小布希總統任內所通過的全面減稅法案將會終止，終將會影響到所有的納稅人及許多
企業。
Other tax cuts and benefits to expire include:
其他終止的減稅及福利政策包括
" A 2010 payroll tax cut, the expiration of which would prompt immediate
wage-packet cuts
2010年的薪資所得稅減免，該項減免被終止也等同於薪資所得即刻被削減
" Benefits for the long-term unemployed
對於長期失業勞工的福利
" Compensation for doctors treating patients on federal healthcare programs
對於聯邦健保系統內醫師的看診補貼
" Inheritance taxes are also likely to be affected if no deal is reached.
如果沒有通過其他法案的話，遺產稅也將會受到影響
In addition, spending cuts mandated by a law passed to break a previous
fiscal impasse in Congress will come into force, affecting both military and
domestic budgets.
除此之外，議會通過刪減政府支出以解決財政難題的法案將要執行，這同時也會影響到軍
事及國內事務的預算。
The cuts are expected to affect federal government departments and the
defense sector, as well as hitting unemployment insurance and veterans'
support.
刪減支出的方案預計會影響到聯邦政府部門、國防部門、失業保險及退伍軍人的扶養
On Wednesday, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner warned Congress the
Treasury would have to enact a series of extraordinary accounting measures to
free up about $200bn from the government's official borrowing figure.
在星期三的時候，財政部長Timothy Geithner 警告國會，財政部將會制定一系列非常的
會計衡量措施為政府公債釋放2000億美元的空間
Those measures would stop the government from hitting its $16.4tn "debt
ceiling" - the legal limit set by Congress on how much the US government can
borrow - for about another two months beyond 31 December.
這些措施將可以讓聯邦債務達到國會訂定的1.64兆美元債務上限的時間往後推延兩個月。
But Mr Geithner warned that without them, the government would run out of
cash on Monday and "the United States would otherwise default on its legal
obligations".
但財政部長也警告，美國政府將會出現現金短缺，但可以避免政府債務違約的情形發生。
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※ 編輯: LarryBrown 來自: 12.159.112.238 (12/29 01:02)