[新聞]南蘇丹的暴力事件 Violence in south Sudan
標題:Violence in south Sudan
Old problems in the new south
Jun 2nd 2009
From Economist.com
Southern Sudan is becoming bloodier than Darfur
新聞來源:
http://www.economist.com/world/africa/displayStory.cfm?story_id=13766940&source=features_box_main (須有正確連結)
ACCORDING to the United Nations special envoy to Sudan, Ashraf Qazi, violent
conflict has killed more people in recent months in south Sudan than in
Darfur. Mr Qazi is not trying to play down the awfulness of the situation in
Sudan’s western region, where about 300,000 have died as result of fighting
since 2003 and more than 2.5m have been displaced. Rather, he was drawing
attention to the sad fact that the south is now slipping back into its
pristine state of widespread insecurity from which it was supposed to have
been rescued by a peace deal in 2005.
根據聯合國代表的說法，蘇丹南部出現暴力衝突事件，有許多人在最近幾個月內遭到
殺害，比Darfur還要嚴重。
Most of the recent deaths in the south have been caused by inter-tribal
fighting, usually linked to land rights. As the rainy season arrives in
different parts of Africa’s largest country, so the traditional competition
for the best grazing areas for cattle and other livestock becomes more
intense. Central Sudan, particularly in the state of Southern Kordofan, has
been hit by heavy fighting recently. Last week it was reported that perhaps
as many as 250 people had been killed in clashes between the Rizeigat and
Misseriya, two Arab nomadic tribes that populate the area around the Nuba
mountains.
蘇丹南部的暴力致死事件，肇因為部落間對土地使用權利的糾紛。尤其在雨季來臨的
時節，水草豐美的土地對畜牧的重要性加重衝突的嚴重性。
These sorts of tribal fights over access to the best grazing lands have been
at the heart of many of Sudan’s bloody wars. Up to the 1980s, such conflict
was well managed by local inter-tribal councils. Such forums used to resolve
how far the nomadic tribes, or pastoralists, would be allowed to bring their
cattle through the lands of settled farmers. The marauding herds would cause
a lot of damage as they passed through the farmers’ fields; but inter-tribal
councils worked out the compensation that the nomads had to pay to the
farmers as a result.
從前，各部落有共同的協議，解決遊牧部落如何通過農業定居聚落的土地，牲畜
破壞農田也會付出相當的賠償。
This system, however, broke down in the 1980s after the terrible drought and
famine of the early 1980s, during which some nomadic tribes lost as much as
80% of their livestock. Furthermore, many of the Arab tribes were now armed,
for their own political purposes, by the Islamist politicians in the central
government in Khartoum. This made the young nomads much less inclined to use
old peaceful arbitration methods; now the armed nomads could just shoot their
way through.
而這樣的協議與共識，在一次嚴重的旱災之後便失效了，現在許多阿拉伯部落擁有武裝，
且不再遵守古老的和平協議，他們用火力開路。
But it is dispiriting that these clashes still happen, and on the scale of
the past few weeks. In recent years the UN and international NGOs have tried
to revive the old tribal arbitration systems, even demarcating the seasonal
migration routes with clearly marked poles. Yet still the fighting continues,
in the south, in the centre and in Darfur.
聯合國及幾個國際非政府組織努力去恢復原有的和平協議，可以標誌出遊牧部落季節
移動路線。
The problems in the south have been compounded by other factors. The
government of south Sudan, based in Juba, has suffered from the falling price
of oil. This means that almost their only source of revenue has dropped by
about half over the past year. As a consequence, the government’s old
guerrilla army has not been paid for months, teachers have been on strike,
and the money for new roads, hospitals and schools has all but dried up. This
has provoked more tension as the southern tribes begin to compete for a
dwindling pot of money. None of this bodes well for a peaceful national
election, supposed to be the first time in four decades that the country has
voted as one, that is scheduled to be held next February.
不過，由於石油價格的跌落，使得蘇丹南部的政府收入一落千丈，這個原因導致
各部落間的緊張，對接下來的選舉不利。
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※ 編輯: proletariat 來自: 115.43.146.72 (06/04 22:18)