[編譯] 紐約實行食品標示法

看板IA作者Sarkozy (king-like status)時間17年前 (2008/08/29 10:58)推噓4(4推 0噓 2→)

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原文網址：http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12010393 Food regulation in America Menu items Aug 28th 2008 | NEW YORK From The Economist print edition Restaurant chains must now list the calorie content of the food they sell IN JANUARY New York became the first American city to pass a law requiring restaurant chains to state the number of calories in everything on their menus, right down to the last pretzel. Full enforcement of the new rules began last month. Other cities and counties have since followed. Los Angeles is expected to vote on its own law within the next two weeks. California, meanwhile, is considering a statewide bill. 1月時，紐約通過法案，要求餐廳為菜單上的每一道菜都標示卡路里。紐約因此成為第一個通過此種法案的美國城市。新規定於上個月開始全面實施，其他城市和郡也跟進。洛杉磯預計在接下來兩個禮拜內針對這種法案進行表決。於此同時，加州也考慮在全州實行這樣的法案。 Fans of menu labelling say it helps consumers, who tend to underestimate the calories in the food they buy. Critics say it is another step towards a nanny state. Companies complain that it is costly to reprint menus, and the National Restaurant Association says restaurants will find it difficult to meet a “ patchwork” of city, county and state standards. The New York State Restaurant Association was so outraged by the New York regulations that it sued, claiming infringement of commercial freedom of speech under the First Amendment. The case is now in the New York courts on appeal, and a decision is expected any day. 支持菜單標示的人說，這種作法可以幫助消費者，因為他們經常低估自己採購的食物中的卡路里。批評者則說這樣做會讓政府越管越多。一些公司抱怨說重印菜單要花錢，全美餐廳協會則表示要餐廳符合市、郡、全國的各樣繁雜標準非常困難。紐約州餐廳協會對此種規定非常生氣，甚至提出告訴，聲稱這種作法違反了憲法第一修正案保障的商業言論自由。此案正在紐約的法院上訴中，判決隨時可能會下來。 America’s restaurant industry, which is expected to have $558 billion in sales this year, has vigorously fought menu-labelling legislation. Some restaurants, already concerned about the slowing economy, worry they could lose customers if they draw attention to the number of calories in their food. Already, many New Yorkers have been disheartened to learn what their favourite dishes contain. Marion Nestle, professor of nutrition at New York University and the author of “Food Politics”, says frequent restaurant-goers have found the calorie information “just astonishing”. 美國的餐廳業今年預計會有五千五百八十億元的營收。餐廳業堅決反對菜單標示的立法。有些餐廳本來就在憂慮經濟趨緩，現在又擔心如果顧客注意到食物中的卡路里含量的話，生意會變差。許多紐約客已經注意到他們最愛的美食的卡路里含量，因而受到心理衝擊。紐約大學的營養學教授Marion Nestle（他同時也是「食品政治」一書的作者）說餐館常客發現這些卡路里含量的資訊「非常嚇人」。 It is too soon to say whether menu labelling will reduce sales or prompt diners to order something different. One study, published this year, found that customers ordered foods containing an average of 52 fewer calories when the information was prominently displayed in fast-food chains in New York. Another study found that diners ordered lower-calorie meals when the menu was labelled—but only on Mondays and Tuesdays. 到底菜單標示會減少餐廳營收？還是促使食客在點餐時作不一樣的選擇？現在要下定論還太早。今年公布的一份研究報告發現：紐約的速食店如果提供顯眼的卡路里資訊，顧客點的餐點的卡路里含量平均會少52. 另外一項研究發現，如果菜單有標示的話，顧客會點低卡路里的餐點，但這種情形只發生在星期一和星期二。 Yet the new rules could also enable restaurants to attract customers, and reduce costs, by tweaking their menus. Many companies have already started to introduce new low-calorie items and serve smaller helpings. Starbucks, for example, has changed its “default” milk from whole milk to reduced-fat milk, cutting the calories in its drinks by 14%. (Reduced-fat milk also happens to be cheaper.) Dunkin’ Donuts has a new lower-calorie line called “DD Smart” that is designed to appeal to the health-conscious with such things as egg-white flatbreads and fruit smoothies. And McDonald’s has reduced the size of a helping of French fries, cutting the number of calories—and costs. 但是新法規的實施也有可能讓餐廳修改菜單，因此招來更多顧客，並減低支出。許多公司已經開始引進新式的低卡路里餐點，並減少餐點份量。舉例來說，星巴克已經把他們的牛奶從全脂改成低脂，因此將飲品中的卡路里降低了14％。（低脂奶價格也比較便宜）Dunkin’ Donuts推出一種新的低卡路里路線叫做”DD Smart”，以蛋白捲餅和水果汁這樣的食物吸引有健康意識的顧客。麥當勞也減少了薯條的份量，藉此減少卡路里與支出。 Le Pain Quotidien, a mid-range bakery chain with $165m in worldwide sales and 17 outlets in New York, thinks it has profited by adapting quickly to the new rules. Jack Moran, the company’s vice-president of branding, initially thought it was “frightening” that customers would be able to see the calories in everything on the menu. So he put together a team to overhaul the menu, cutting portions and eliminating items with lots of calories. This has proved, he says, a “ strategic advantage” and boosted business. The company is now planning to provide calorie information voluntarily in Washington, DC, and Los Angeles—even though the local laws do not yet require it. Le Pain Quotidien是一家全球營收一億六千五百萬，在紐約有17家分店的中型連鎖麵包店。他們認為自己因為快速適應新規定而獲益。該公司的品牌經營副總Jack Moran一開始覺得，讓顧客看到菜單上每一樣東西的卡路里含量是很可怕的一件事。所以他集合了一個團隊來改良菜單，減少份量並刪掉卡路里含量很多的東西。最後證明了這個作法造就了一個「策略優勢」，並且提振了生意。儘管地方法規還沒有這樣的規定，該公司現在計畫要在華聖頓特區還有洛杉磯主動提供卡路里資訊。 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 59.117.32.208

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