[新聞] 畫中的喀什米爾、被偷走的童年消失

看板Gossiping作者Zauber時間7年前 (2017/05/30 12:27)推噓4(4推 0噓 0→)

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來源:BBC NEWS (推薦點連結看圖片) http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-39801538 The stolen childhoods of Kashmir in pencil and crayon By Soutik Biswas These are pictures of loss of childhood and innocence. They speak about a violent world outside shuttered homes. They reveal the terrors of the present and the fears for the future. The colours are vivid. Red dominates, in blood and fire. Black is an ascendant colour, clouding the skies and scorching the earth. It's not dark yet, but it's getting there. The artwork is by schoolchildren in Indian-administered Kashmir, home to one of the world's most protracted conflicts. These days, they mostly depict childhoods ruined by the violence of adults. The meadows, streams, orchards and mountains that make their home "heaven on earth", as a Mughal emperor once exulted, is missing in much of their work. Stone-throwing protesters, gun-toting troops, burning schools, rubble-littered streets, gunfights and killings are some of the anxious, recurring themes on the canvas. Last summer was one of the bloodiest in the region for years. Following the killing of influential militant Burhan Wani by Indian forces in July, more than 100 civilians died in clashes with security forces during a four-month-long lockdown in the Muslim dominated-valley. Security forces fired metal pellets from shotguns into protesting crowds, leaving many blinded. More than 1,200 children below the age of 15 were among some 9,000 people injured in the protests. Most of them, according to reports, were "young, [and] were either blinded completely or lost their vision in one eye". As violence spread on the street, schools shut. Children stayed indoors for months, drowning in the noise of TV news. At other times, they read and drew. They missed their friends and cricket games. Teachers gave lessons at home, and parents invigilated during home exams. One school even held an exam in a small indoor stadium. When the schools reopened in the winter, teachers found many of the students irate, nervous and uncertain. They were children of government workers, businessmen, doctors, engineers, bankers and farmers. They came looking "pale, like zombies", the principal of a leading school told me. They cried and hugged each other. Having spent months cooped up in their homes in near-captivity, they asked their teachers why they had closed the school. Some of them behaved strangely. They screamed without any reason, banged the tables and broke furniture. Counsellors were called in to calm them down. "There was anger, a lot of anger," the principal said. Then, some 300 of them went to a school hall and sat down with paper and pastels. And they drew furiously. "That's all they did on the first day. They drew what they wanted. They didn't utter a word. It was all very cathartic." 'I cannot see the world again' The children drew mostly in pastel and pencil. Many wrote over their pictures, using speech bubbles, headlines and sentences. In many of their pictures, the valley is on fire, and streets are littered with the black detritus of rioting against an incongruent backdrop of a blazing sun and birds in the skies. Then there are young faces scarred and eyes blinded by pellets. It is a recurring, heart-wrenching theme. "I cannot see the world again and cannot see my friends again. I am blind," says the subject of one such haunting image. Childhood is the kingdom where nobody dies, as a poet wrote, but in Kashmir, children have lived in the shadow of death for as long as one can remember. There are bodies lying on the street, and there are people on fire in the paintings. "These are the mountains of Kashmir. And here's a school for kids. On the left are army men and opposite them are stone-throwing protesters who are demanding freedom," said a schoolboy in Anantnag, explaining his drawing. "When protesters throw stones at the army, the army opens fire at them. In the crossfire, a school kid dies and his friend is left alone." The other recurring theme - and nightmare - is the burning down of schools. There's a powerful picture of children trapped in a school on fire, screaming, "help us, help us. Save our school, save us, save our future". Others are angrier and more political. There are drawings with pro-freedom graffiti, and signposts which say Save our Kashmir in pastels. Others extol Burhan Wani, and resonate with anti-India slogans. There are maps of Kashmir oozing red. In another village in southern Kashmir, a prominent artist found children drawing Indian flags fluttering on top of their houses. Rival neighbours A scowling face of a man split into two is a metaphor for the bitter and festering rivalry between India and Pakistan, and the tragedy of a land sandwiched between the rival neighbours. There's a heart-breaking pencil drawing of a mother waiting for her son. The children also vent their frustration over the shutdown of internet and mobile phone services during the protests. Five years ago, Australian art therapist Dena Lawrence conducted some art lessons with young people in the valley. She found black was the predominant colour in their paintings, and most of them reflected "anger, rage and depression". Kashmiri artist Masood Hussain, who has been judging art competitions for children aged four to 16 for the past four decades, says their subjects have changed. "They have gone from the serene to the violent," he tells me. "They draw red skies, red mountains, lakes, flowers and houses on fire. They draw guns and tanks, fire-fights and people dying on the street." Arshad Husain, a Srinagar-based psychiatrist, says the artwork of the children in the valley betrays their collective trauma. "We think children are too young to understand. That's not true. They absorb and assimilate everything around them. They express it in their own way," he says. "Mind you, most of this artwork is coming from children who stayed at home. Imagine the children on the streets who are closer to the violence." It is all reminiscent of children's art inspired by 9/11: weeping children, the twin towers on fire and being yanked off the ground by Osama Bin Laden against a blood-red skyline, a scarred girl wearing an I Love New York T-shirt. In Kashmir, where fairy tales quickly turn into nightmares, hope is not extinguished yet. Let our future be bright, make us educated, don't make this crisis a reason for darkness, pleads a girl in a drawing. It's never too late. 畫中的喀什米爾、被偷走的童年這些圖畫記錄失去的童年和純真，他們訴說庇蔭之外的暴力世界，透露對現在的恐懼及未來的害怕。生動的顏色中，紅色擁有主宰一切，扮演著鮮血和火焰；黑色亦佔優勢，使天空晦暗不明、大地枯萎。黑暗還未降臨，腳步卻在逼近。此作由印度管理的喀什米爾學童完成，其家園正處於世界最漫長的衝突之一。現在，他們大多將遭大人的暴力所毀的童年描繪下來。草地、溪流、果園和山岳塑造他們的人間仙境般的家，這曾令蒙兀兒皇帝歡欣鼓舞，但是在他們的繪畫中已失去大半。丟擲石塊的抗議者、持槍部隊、燃燒的校園、礫石滿布的街道、槍戰及殺戮等令人不安的景象，在畫布上重複上演。去年夏天可說是此地幾年來最血腥的一次。印度軍方在七月殺死有影響力的激進分子 Burhan Wani後，於一穆斯林占多數的谷地，破百平民在長達四個月的嚴密封鎖死於維安部隊的衝突。維安部隊朝抗議群眾射擊細小的子彈，多人因此失明。抗議中受傷約9000人中，有1200人不滿15歲。據報，他們大部分失去了單眼或雙眼的視力。暴力充斥街道，學校關閉了。兒童待在室內數月，被電視新聞淹沒，或是閱讀、塗鴉、懷念著朋友和板球。老師在家中教書，父母幫忙監考，而一所學校甚至在小型體育館舉行考試。當學校於冬日重啟，許多老師發現學生變得暴躁、緊張或情緒不穩。他們是政府人員、商人、醫師、工程師、銀行家或農夫的子女。他們看起來「蒼白，像殭屍一樣」，一個校長如此對我說。他們哭泣並互相擁抱。數月間在家中飽嘗幾近囚禁之苦，他們問老師為何要關閉學校。部分學生行為怪異:無緣無故尖叫、拍打桌面、破壞器材，輔導員被召喚來安撫他們。接著，300名學生帶著紙和蠟筆到大廳坐下，開始埋頭猛畫。「他們第一天就做這些事，畫自己想畫的。一個字都不說，這真是讓人清淨。」我再也看不見了孩子們多用鉛筆和蠟筆創作。很多人還寫了字，有對話框、標題和句子。多幅畫作中，山谷被火焰啃食，街上布滿暴亂帶來的黑色碎石，熾烈的艷陽和飛鳥構成不一致的背景。還有爬滿恐懼的年輕臉龐和被子彈奪走光明的眼睛，這些一再出現，讓人心中不禁一陣絞痛。「我再也看不到這世界，我再也看不到我的朋友了。我瞎了。」一位這難忘景象的主角說道。有一首詩這麼寫道:童年是沒有死亡的國度，不過在喀什米爾，兒童從有記憶以來便生活在死亡的陰影下。畫中屍橫街道、人們著火。「這些是喀什米爾的山，這是孩子的學校。左邊是軍人然後在他們對面的是丟著石子，追求自由的示威者。」阿納恩特納格的一位男孩解釋他的畫作。「當示威者丟出石頭，軍隊就開槍射他們。交火過程中，有一個小孩子死了，留下他的朋友。」另一個不斷出現的景象——夢魘——是焚毀的學校。一幅震撼人心的畫呈現孩子困在燃燒的校舍內，高聲尖叫:「救救我們、救救我們、救救我們的學校、救救我們、救救我們的未來。」其他的飽含怒火和政治色彩。有表達支持自由的塗鴉和蠟筆寫成的標語:救救我們的喀什米爾，有的頌揚Burhan Wani並以反印度口號呼應。地圖上，喀什米爾滲著血紅。在南喀什米爾的另一個村莊，一位名藝術家發現孩子畫著印度旗幟在屋上飛揚的畫。互相對抗的鄰居一張一分為二的愁容象徵印度和巴基斯坦仇恨、惡化的對抗，和一塊包夾兩者間的土地。母親在一幅令人心碎的鉛筆畫中等待孩子，孩子如此抒發抗議期間通訊遭官方癱瘓的挫折。五年前，澳洲藝術治療師Dena Lawrence在村中開了些美術課程。她察覺黑色最為村民應用，多數反映出憤怒、狂暴和失落。已在4至16歲兒童藝術競賽擔任40年評審的喀什米爾藝術家Masood Hussain說他們的題材已經變了。「從安詳和平轉為暴戾。」他告訴我:「他們畫紅色的天空、紅色的山峰、湖泊、花草和著火的房舍，他們還畫槍和坦克、槍戰及路上的死屍。」一名斯利那加的精神科醫師Arshad Husain說谷中兒童的畫透露他們共同的創傷。「我們認為孩子們要明白還太年輕，這不是真的。他們吸收消化周遭一切事物，並用自己的方式表達出來。」他說。「你也知道這些畫大多由待在家中的孩子創作，想像那些街上那些更接近暴力的孩子。」這使人聯想到受911影響的兒童繪畫。血紅的天際線下，燃燒的大樓遭賓拉登拔地而起，一名飽受驚嚇的女孩穿著我愛紐約T恤。雖然童話故事迅速崩潰成噩夢，但在喀什米爾希望仍然存在。讓我們的將來變得光明、擁有良好的教育，別讓這危機為黑暗埋下種子，聲援畫中的小女孩，永不嫌晚。備註:我愛紐約T恤...恩... -- 我賭10個美味蟹堡。 http://imgpoi.com/i/TUKUk.png